(Legacy of Ashes \u0096 The History of CIA)<\/strong><\/p>\n Tim Weiner<\/strong><\/p>\n Yazar Hakk\u0131nda:<\/p>\n TIM WEINER yirmi alt\u0131 y\u0131ldan beri Amerikan istihbarat servisleriyle ilgili yaz\u0131lar yazan Pulitzer \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc bir New York Times muhabiridir. Bu kitap, CIA taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen operasyonlar\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in Afganistan dahil bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeye seyahat etmi\u015f olan Tim Weiner\u0092in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kitab\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n YAZARIN NOTU<\/p>\n ENKAZ DEVRALMAK, CIA\u0092n\u0131n ilk altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesidir. Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n, bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc medeniyeti olan ABD\u0092nin ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ne denli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011funu anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine yans\u0131tmak iddias\u0131nda olan bir devletin, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda neler olup bitti\u011fini anlamaya,da\u011flar\u0131n ard\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Halk\u0131n\u0131 buralardan gelecek tehlikelere kar\u015f\u0131 korumak onun g\u00f6revidir.<\/p>\n Bunun i\u00e7in gizli operasyonlar yapar. Ba\u015fkan Eisenhower\u0092\u0131n deyi\u015fiyle bunlar \u0093Naho\u015f ama gerekli i\u015fler\u0094dir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir istihbarat te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 olmadan generaller ve Ba\u015fkanlar k\u00f6r ve sakatt\u0131r. S\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 ABD, hi\u00e7 bir d\u00f6nem \u00f6zledi\u011fi b\u00f6yle bir te\u015fkil\u00e2ta sahip olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n CIA\u0092n\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fi k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ba\u015far\u0131lar ile uzun s\u00fcreli ve kal\u0131c\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klarla doludur. Yurt i\u00e7inde ise siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7 sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sahnesidir. Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n baz\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 belki bir miktar kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmesini \u00f6nlemi\u015f, zenginliklerin korunmas\u0131na yaram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama hatalar\u0131 bunlar\u0131 hesaps\u0131zca \u00e7ar\u00e7ur etmi\u015ftir. Bu hatalar, y\u00fczlerce Amerikan askerinin ve gizli ajan\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olmu\u015f, 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u0092de \u00fc\u00e7 bin Amerikal\u0131n\u0131n ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6lmesine ve sonras\u0131nda bir o kadar\u0131n\u0131n da Irak\u0092ta, Afganistan\u0092da yitip gitmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olumsuzluklar\u0131n nedeni, CIA\u0092n\u0131n en birincil g\u00f6revini yerine getirememesidir. O g\u00f6rev, ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131,d\u00fcnyada neler olup bitti\u011finden haberdar etmektir! II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra dahi, Sovyet kom\u00fcnizmine direnebilecek tek g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kalan ABD\u0092nin, e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatacak bir istihbarat te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 yoktu.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f deneyimi olan, vatansever baz\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar te\u015fkil\u00e2t saflar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ama pek az\u0131 vizyon sahibiydi.Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirdiler. Olup bitenleri kavramaktan aciz olan Ba\u015fkanlar, CIA\u0092ya gizli operasyonlarla tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme g\u00f6revi verdiler. Ajanlar\u0131n mesleki e\u011fitimleri, sava\u015f alanlar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hatalardan ders almak olgusundan ibaretti. Ba\u015fkan\u0092a duymak istemediklerini s\u00f6ylemek tehlikeli i\u015fti, bu y\u00fczden yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtmek, Washington\u0092daki konumlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in Eisenhower ve Kennedy\u0092ye yalan s\u00f6ylediler.<\/p>\n Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter; bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayamad\u0131. Onlara g\u00f6re CIA, ya her \u015feyi halledebilen, ya da her \u015feyi y\u00fcz\u00fcne g\u00f6z\u00fcne bula\u015ft\u0131ran bir olu\u015fumdu, bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc hangisi oldu\u011funa karar veremediler. CIA\u0092n\u0131n uzman analistleri de\u011ferlendirmelerini objektif bilgilere g\u00f6re de\u011fil, halk aras\u0131ndaki yayg\u0131n inan\u0131\u015flar do\u011frultusunda yapt\u0131lar, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n niyet ve yeteneklerini hatal\u0131 yorumlad\u0131lar, kom\u00fcnizmin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015f hesaplad\u0131lar, ter\u00f6rizm tehdidini alg\u0131lamakta yetersiz kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde CIA\u0092n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revi, istidam etti\u011fi ajanlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Sovyetlerin s\u0131rlar\u0131na eri\u015fmekti. Kremlin\u0092in i\u00e7ine n\u00fcfuz edebilecek yetenekte tek bir ki\u015fiyi bile elde edemediler. Yanlar\u0131na alabildikleri sadece g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak gelenlerdi. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu da, Reagan ve G.W. Bush d\u00f6neminde, CIA\u0092n\u0131n Sovyet masas\u0131nda g\u00f6revliydiler ve Sovyetler hesab\u0131na casusluk yapan \u00e7ift tarafl\u0131 Amerikan ajanlar\u0131n\u0131n ihanetine u\u011fray\u0131p yakaland\u0131lar veya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler.<\/p>\n CIA Reagan d\u00f6neminde, kendisine bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya misyonu y\u00fckleyip \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131na silah satarak Orta Amerika\u0092daki sava\u015f\u0131 finanse etmeye kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc y\u00f6netenler, yasalar\u0131 ihl\u00e2l ettiler ve zaten iyice azalm\u0131\u015f olan kurumsal itibarlar\u0131n\u0131 hepten s\u0131f\u0131rlad\u0131lar. Ama en \u00f6nemlisi, esas d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n, yani Sovyetlerin zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tespit edemediler.<\/p>\n Teknoloji ilerledik\u00e7e, kar\u015f\u0131 tarafta neler olup bitti\u011fini anlamak insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6revi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p makinalara devredildi. Uydular belki Sovyet silahlar\u0131n\u0131n yerini tespit edebildi ama kom\u00fcnizmin y\u0131k\u0131lmakta oldu\u011fu, so\u011fuk sava\u015f bitene dek alg\u0131lanamad\u0131.<\/p>\n CIA, K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u0092nun Afganistan\u0092\u0131 i\u015fgalini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in milyarlarca dolar harcad\u0131 ve Sovyetlere kar\u015f\u0131 destans\u0131 bir bir ba\u015far\u0131 kazand\u0131 ama \u0130slamc\u0131 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lara sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahlar\u0131n bir g\u00fcn kendi kafas\u0131na do\u011frultulabilece\u011fini alg\u0131lay\u0131p tav\u0131r alamad\u0131, bu da tarihi bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde CIA\u0092y\u0131 bir arada tutan ama\u00e7 birli\u011fi, 1990\u0092larda Clinton y\u00f6netimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc.Te\u015fkil\u00e2t, \u00e2deta Pentagon\u0092un alt birimiymi\u015f gibi i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki sava\u015flar\u0131n stratejilerini belirlemekle u\u011fra\u015faca\u011f\u0131na hi\u00e7 ya\u015fanmayacak sava\u015flar i\u00e7in taktikler geli\u015ftirmek yolunda enerjisini harcad\u0131, ikinci Pearl Harbor\u0092u \u00f6nleyecek g\u00fcc\u00fc kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Beyaz Saray\u0092a, Irak\u0092ta kitle imha silahlar\u0131 bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin uydurma raporlar d\u00fczenleyince, bir graml\u0131k bir istihbarata dayanarak, bir tonluk yalan yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiler \u00fcrettikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, g\u00fcvenilirliklerini tamamen yitirdiler.<\/p>\n Baba Bush\u0092un, bir zamanlar onurla y\u00f6netti\u011fi te\u015fkil\u00e2t, o\u011ful Bush taraf\u0131ndan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda paramiliter bir polis g\u00fcc\u00fcne, yurt i\u00e7inde ise b\u00fcrokrasiyi fel\u00e7 eden bir olu\u015fuma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. G.W. Bush 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda CIA\u0092y\u0131, Irak\u0092taki sava\u015f\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sadece \u0093varsay\u0131mda\u0094 bulunmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lad\u0131, b\u00f6ylece siyasi anlamda ipini \u00e7ekmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n Te\u015fkil\u00e2t e\u011fer varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecekse kendini ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya yenilemelidir. Bu da y\u0131llar alacak bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Esasen CIA y\u00f6neticileri \u00fc\u00e7 nesildir d\u00fcnya olaylar\u0131n\u0131 kavramakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekmekteler. Benzer \u015fekilde, gerek Ba\u015fkanlar gerek Kongre \u00fcyeleri, hatta istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc direkt\u00f6rlerinin neredeyse tamam\u0131, CIA ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fini anlamakta yetersiz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6neticilerden bir \u00e7o\u011fu, te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131, devrald\u0131klar\u0131 durumdan daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde haleflerine devretti. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, Eisenhower\u0092\u0131n deyimiyle her nesil, kendinden sonraki nesle \u0093miras olarak enkaz\u0094 b\u0131rakt\u0131. K\u0131sacas\u0131, altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce nas\u0131l bir ortamda bu i\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131 isek, hala ayn\u0131 ortamday\u0131z; yani tam bir kaos!<\/p>\n Bu kitap, Amerikan ulusal g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n dosyalar\u0131nda yer alan s\u00f6zlere, fikirlere ve belgelere dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kaleme al\u0131rken, CIA, Beyaz Saray ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinde bulunan elli binden fazla belge okudum, iki binden fazla askerin, istihbarat eleman\u0131n\u0131n ve diplomat\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerini dinledim, 1987 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n CIA g\u00f6revlisi ve emeklisi ile m\u00fclakat yapt\u0131m. Her yaz\u0131lan\u0131n kayd\u0131 mevcuttur. Bu kitapta kulaktan dolma bilgi, isimsiz kaynaklara at\u0131f yoktur. Ancak i\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi eksiklikler vard\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 bir devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 ya da CIA direkt\u00f6r\u00fc, hele hele d\u0131\u015fardan bir ki\u015fi, te\u015fkil\u00e2t hakk\u0131nda her \u015feyi bildi\u011fini iddia edemez.<\/p>\n Burada yazd\u0131klar\u0131m, elbette ger\u00e7e\u011fin tamam\u0131 de\u011fildir ama yaz\u0131lanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 ger\u00e7ektir ve umar\u0131m faydal\u0131 bir uyar\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tarihte varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir cumhuriyet g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 ger\u00e7ek haliyle g\u00f6r\u00fcp anlamak bir zamanlar CIA\u0092n\u0131n asl\u00ee g\u00f6revi idi. E\u011fer b\u00f6yle g\u00f6zlere sahip olamazsak \u00fclkemizin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n B\u00d6L\u00dcM 1 – Devam edecek<\/p>\n Naci Kaptan – 30 haziran 2012<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ENKAZ DEVRALMAK –\u00a0 CIA Tarihi (Legacy of Ashes \u0096 The History of CIA) Tim Weiner Yazar Hakk\u0131nda: TIM WEINER yirmi alt\u0131 y\u0131ldan beri Amerikan istihbarat servisleriyle ilgili yaz\u0131lar yazan Pulitzer \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc bir New York Times muhabiridir. Bu kitap, CIA taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen operasyonlar\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in Afganistan dahil bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeye seyahat etmi\u015f olan Tim Weiner\u0092in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":54514,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[957],"class_list":["post-54513","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turkey","tag-cia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54513"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54513\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/CIA.jpg\" "\\"CIA\\"")
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