{"id":37051,"date":"2011-07-03T15:12:57","date_gmt":"2011-07-03T12:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.turkishforum.com.tr\/en\/content\/?p=37051"},"modified":"2011-07-03T15:12:57","modified_gmt":"2011-07-03T12:12:57","slug":"turkish-lesson-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/2011\/07\/03\/turkish-lesson-22\/","title":{"rendered":"Turkish Lesson 22"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Lesson 22<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f Zaman \u2013 The Past Tense<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The past form of \u201cto be\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Past tense endings of the verb \u201cto be\u201d can be added to nouns, adjectives and adverbs to describe how things were. Past tense ending is \u2013<strong>di (-d\u0131, -du, -d\u00fc <\/strong>according to the vowel harmony)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assimilation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>-di<\/strong> will turn into <strong>\u2013ti<\/strong> (-t\u0131, -t\u00fc, -tu) if the last sound of the stem is <strong>\u00e7, f, t, h, s, k, p, \u015f. <\/strong>These letters called \u2018voiceless consonants\u2019. The easy way of remembering them is to memorise this phrase \u201c\u00c7iFT HaSeKi Pa\u015ea\u201d (a method my primary teacher taught me), all the consonants in this phrase are \u2018voiceless consonants\u2019 and when we add a suffix starting with <strong>c,d,g<\/strong>, the first letter of the suffix turns into <strong>\u00e7,t,k<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ex; Rahat+<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d<\/span>\u0131m \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rahat<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">t<\/span>\u0131m<\/strong>. (I was comfortable)<\/p>\n<p>So\u011fuk+<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d<\/span>u\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 So\u011fuk<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">t<\/span>u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ko\u015f+<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d<\/span>un\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ko\u015f<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">t<\/span>un<\/strong> (You run)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Present <\/strong> <strong>Past<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ben \u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong>im.<\/strong> (I am a teacher)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ben \u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">dim.<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"> <\/span>(I was a teacher)<\/p>\n<p>Sen \u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong>sin.<\/strong> Sen \u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">din. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">di.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biz \u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong>iz.<\/strong> Biz \u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">dik.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Siz \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong>siniz.<\/strong> Siz \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">diniz.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Onlar \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong>ler.<\/strong> Onlar \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">diler.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ben \u00a0 hasta<strong>y\u0131m.<\/strong> (I am ill)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ben \u00a0 hasta<strong>y<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d\u0131m.<\/span><\/strong> (I was ill)<\/p>\n<p>Sen \u00a0\u00a0 hasta<strong>s\u0131n.<\/strong> Sen \u00a0\u00a0 hasta<strong>y<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d\u0131n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hasta.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hasta<strong>y<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biz \u00a0\u00a0 hasta<strong>y\u0131z.<\/strong> Biz\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hasta<strong>y<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d\u0131k. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Siz \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hasta<strong>s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong> Siz \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hasta<strong>y<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Onlar \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hasta<strong>lar.<\/strong> Onlar hasta<strong>y<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d\u0131lar.<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Negative form of \u201cto be\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Use the word \u201c<strong>de\u011fil<\/strong>\u201d with the endings to say \u201cwas not, were not\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Present\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Past<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ben g\u00fczel de\u011filim.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (I am not beautiful)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ben g\u00fczel de\u011fil<strong>dim<\/strong>.(I was not beautiful)<\/p>\n<p>Sen g\u00fczel de\u011filsin.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sen g\u00fczel de\u011fil<strong>din<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>O g\u00fczel de\u011fil.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O g\u00fczel de\u011fil<strong>di<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biz g\u00fczel de\u011filiz.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biz g\u00fczel de\u011fil<strong>dik<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Siz g\u00fczel de\u011filsiniz.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Siz g\u00fczel de\u011fil<strong>diniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Onlar g\u00fczel de\u011filler.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Onlar g\u00fczel de\u011fil<strong>diler.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Exercise<\/p>\n<p>Please turn the present sentences into past sentences.<\/p>\n<p>1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hava \u00e7ok so\u011fuk. ________________________<\/p>\n<p>2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ahmet hasta. ________________________<\/p>\n<p>3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Selen \u00e7ok yaramaz bir k\u0131z. _____________________<\/p>\n<p>4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Onlar muhte\u015femler. __________________________<\/p>\n<p>5-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130stanbul \u00e7ok kalabal\u0131k. ______________________________<\/p>\n<p>6-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ben ak\u0131ll\u0131y\u0131m. ________________________________<\/p>\n<p>7-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biz Avrupal\u0131y\u0131z. ______________________________<\/p>\n<p>8-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jane ve Samuel m\u00fcthi\u015f zekiler.______________________________<\/p>\n<p>9-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Siz \u00e7ok kibars\u0131n\u0131z. ____________________________________<\/p>\n<p>10-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ben depresyonday\u0131m. _____________________________<\/p>\n<p>11-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kenan iyi bir \u015fark\u0131c\u0131. _________________________<\/p>\n<p>12-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sen \u00e7ok tatl\u0131s\u0131n. ______________________________________<\/p>\n<p>13-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Benim kedim \u00e7ok yaramaz ama tatl\u0131. ____________________________<\/p>\n<p>14-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cairo \u00e7ok gizemli bir \u015fehir. ________________________________<\/p>\n<p>15-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Br\u00fcksel \u00e7ok g\u00f6rkemli. _______________________________<\/p>\n<p>16-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu site \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131. ___________________________________<\/p>\n<p>17-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ali Bey \u00e7ok yetenekli bir mimar. ____________________________<\/p>\n<p>18-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biz \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceliyiz. _______________________________<\/p>\n<p>19-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O \u00fclkeler \u00e7ok uzak. _____________________________________<\/p>\n<p>Bu ders \u00e7ok kolay. __________________________________<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lesson 22 Ge\u00e7mi\u015f Zaman \u2013 The Past Tense The past form of \u201cto be\u201d Past tense endings of the verb \u201cto be\u201d can be added to nouns, adjectives and adverbs to describe how things were. Past tense ending is \u2013di (-d\u0131, -du, -d\u00fc according to the vowel harmony) &nbsp; Assimilation -di will turn into \u2013ti [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":775305,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[4174,6213,2597],"class_list":["post-37051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-features","tag-gecmis-zaman","tag-learn-turkish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37051"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37051\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/775305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}