{"id":14975,"date":"2009-09-26T22:45:39","date_gmt":"2009-09-26T20:45:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.turkishforum.com.tr\/en\/content\/?p=14975"},"modified":"2023-04-30T12:49:53","modified_gmt":"2023-04-30T09:49:53","slug":"un-ga-2009-statements-by-turkey-russia-georgia-kazakhstan-turkmenistan-iran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/2009\/09\/26\/un-ga-2009-statements-by-turkey-russia-georgia-kazakhstan-turkmenistan-iran\/","title":{"rendered":"UN GA (2009) statements by Turkey, Russia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

General Debate of the 64th Session (2009)<\/h2>\n

Turkey
\nH.E. Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, Prime Minister<\/h3>\n

24 September 2009<\/p>\n

\nStatement summaryTAYYIP Erdo\u011fan, Prime Minister of Turkey, said that in order to overcome the world\u2019s multiple problems, a trust-oriented, diverse, fair and inclusive global order was necessary.\u00a0 \u201cThe global problems of our age necessitate global scale solutions.\u201d\u00a0 He called for new leadership so countries could stop perceiving the world as a threat, to seeing it as a place of trust and solidarity. \u00a0Everybody, regardless of their creed and colour, was responsible for constructing a world of peace, trust, justice, tranquillity and prosperity.<\/p>\n

He said that terrorism, the proliferation of nuclear weapons, hunger, poverty, growing pandemics, food and energy concerns, and rising xenophobia continued to pose grave challenges.\u00a0 In addition, global warming and the financial crisis required robust solutions.\u00a0 To ensure a more participatory global order, all countries must work together to make the United Nations more efficient, democratic and transparent.\u00a0 That would, in turn, allow the Organizations to make a greater contribution towards global peace and stability.<\/p>\n

The United Nations had to become more effective in tackling the world\u2019s pressing challenges, including human rights and gender equality.\u00a0 In that regard, he said, Turkey endorsed reforming the Organization, which would be incomplete unless the Security Council was restructured and enlarged to include more non-permanent members.\u00a0 The United Nations peacekeeping system had to be improved, bearing in mind, among other things, capacity-building and regional coordination, he added.<\/p>\n

Turkey continued to be a force for peace and stability in its restive region.\u00a0 He said that over the past seven years, Turkey had made efforts to resolve its differences with neighbouring countries and to improve bilateral relations.\u00a0 It had also aimed to move from a relationship of \u201cpassive-good neighbourliness to one of active friendship and cooperation\u201d.\u00a0 Talks with Greece were an example of such actions.<\/p>\n

Having initiated the \u201cneighbouring countries process\u201d, his country was still committed to political dialogue and creating national unity in Iraq.\u00a0 In that regard, Turkey was committed to maintaining the Strategic Dialogue Mechanism with Iraq in the fight against terrorism and to ensure bilateral relations.\u00a0 Turning to Palestine, he said Turkey was very sensitive to this issue and had always stood by the Palestinian people.\u00a0 Resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict towards two peaceful coexisting States was invaluable to global peace.\u00a0 Treating everyone fairly and equally would allow for regional and global stability.<\/p>\n

Turning to the fight against terrorism and ensuring stability and prosperity in Pakistan and Afghanistan, he expressed his country\u2019s support in this regard. Turkey had convened a ministerial meeting on a democratic Pakistan in August.\u00a0 On Cyprus, he supported a comprehensive solution to the question of the island, citing the United Nations as the foundation upon which a solution could be built and the world body\u2019s Secretary-General as a bridge between the two sides\u2019 differences.<\/p>\n

A mutual solution would have to be reached by early 2010, he said, emphasizing that if Greek-Cypriot intransigence obstructed such a conclusion, \u201cthe normalization of the status of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus will become a necessity which can no longer be delayed.\u201d\u00a0 A fair and lasting solution in Cyprus would help transform the Mediterranean zone into a peaceful, cooperative and stable place.\u00a0 He added that the Turkish-Cypriot side was still subjected to unfair levels of isolation.\u00a0 Lifting that unfair practice would speed up the peace process.<\/p>\n

Regarding cultural diversity, he cautioned against seeing different cultures as \u201cother\u201d, stressing that they had to be seen as individual elements of humankind.\u00a0 The Alliance of Civilizations, a United Nations initiative that was co-sponsored by his country, would shape a global civilization based on universal values in democracy, human rights, youth and media.<\/p>\n

Source: GA\/10862<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

PERMANENT MISSION OF TURKEY TO THE UNITED NATIONS
\nCHECK AGAINST DELIVERY
\nADDRESS
\nBY
\nH.E. MR. RECEP TAYYJP ERDOGAN
\nPRIME MINISTER OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
\nTO THE
\nGENERAL DEBATE OF THE 64th SESSION OF THE
\nUN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
\nNEW YORK, 24 SEPTEMBER 2009
\nwww.un.int\/turkey<\/span>
\n821 UN Plaza, I01h Floor, New York, NY 10017 Tel. 212949.0150 Fax 212949,0086
\nMr. President,
\nMr. Secretary General,
\nExcellencies,
\nDistinguished Delegates,
\nLadies and Gentlemen,
\nIt is a great pleasure for me to address you once again on the occasion of the General Debate of the
\n64th session of the General Assembly.
\nAt the outset, I would like to congratulate Mr. Abdusselam Treki on his election as President of the
\n64th General Assembly.
\nI wish to express my appreciation and thanks to Mr. Brockman as well, for his able and prudent
\nconduct of the Presidency of the 63r session of the General Assembly.
\nTaking this opportunity, I also thank all the member states for the high degree of trust and approval
\nplaced in my country, which was elected as a non-permanent member of the Security Council by a
\nwide margin of support last year.
\nMr. President,
\nThe global problems of our age necessitate global scale solutions.
\nFrom wars to economic crises, from hunger and poverty to terrorism, from energy security to climate
\nchange, the problems our world faces today are extremely challenging. However, none of them is
\ninsurmountable.
\nFor the resolution of these problems, we need a fair and inclusive global order which is based on trust
\nand which regards diversity as a source of richness.
\nIt is possible to make the transition from a conception of the world based on risk and threat
\nperceptions to one based on trust and solidarity. This has become a necessity for all of us. But to be
\nable to do that we need a new kind of leadership.
\nWe can indeed make the 21st century an era which is ruled by peace instead of wars; trust instead of
\nfear; justice instead of injustice; tranquility instead of terror and violence; and prosperity instead of
\nhunger and poverty. It is our common responsibility and historic duty to participate in the
\nconstruction of such a world, regardless of our language, religion and nationality differences.
\nThreats like terrorism and the proliferation of nuclear weapons have become sources of concern on a
\nglobal scale.
\nProblems such as hunger and poverty, the increase in the frequency of pandemics, worries about food
\nand energy security, and growing xenophobia and radicalism remain grave challenges.
\nGlobal warming and the financial crisis are fundamental questions that require substantial solutions.
\nAgainst such a backdrop, the relevance and indispensability of the United Nations have become even
\nmore evident.
\nIn order to establish a fair and participatory global order, we must work together to enhance the
\nefficiency of the United Nations.
\nWe certainly do not despair. We maintain our hope that the achievement of global peace and stability
\nis within our grasp. We therefore wish to see the United Nations serve as the voice and spokesman of
\nthe global public conscience.
\nWe believe that a more representative, democratic, transparent, just and effective United Nations will
\nbe able to make a greater contribution to global peace and stability.
\nThe United Nations must become a much more effective institution on matters such as climate
\nchange, sustainable development, the struggle against poverty, gender equality and the protection of
\nhuman rights and dignity. We fully support the reform efforts in this direction.
\nHowever, it is without a doubt that the reform of the UN system will be incomplete if not
\naccompanied by the Security Council reform.
\nI would like to underscore once again that Turkey is in favor of the enlargement of the Security
\nCouncil in the non-permanent category.
\nAnother important aspect of the UN reforms that I wish to underline is the need to improve the UN
\npeace keeping system.
\nIn this context, we want the views and expectations of particularly the UN troop contributing
\ncountries on issues like early and effective coordination, capacity building and enhanced cooperation
\nwith regional organizations to be taken into full account.
\nMr. President,
\nTurkey continues to be a force for peace and stability in the volatile region in which it is located.
\nEspecially in the course of the past 7 years, we have exerted every effort to settle all our differences
\nwith our neighbors. Thanks to this approach which we call “zero problem with neighbors” Turkey has
\nmade significant progress in resolving outstanding issues with its neighbors and greatly improved its
\nbilateral relations.
\nThe problems in our region have global implications. Therefore, our constructive and peaceful
\nregional policies serve not only our own neighborhood but also global peace.
\nHowever, even that we don’t consider sufficient. We aim to move from a relationship of passive goodneighborliness
\nto one of active friendship and cooperation. The positive impact of this approach on
\nregional and world peace is well appreciated by all our friends.
\nA concrete example of this situation is-our ongoing dialogue with Greece. Another case in point is our
\nquest to normalize our relations with Armenia, which has gained fresh momentum lately, and begun
\nto bear fruit.
\nIt is high time that lasting solutions based on the territorial integrity of regional countries are found to
\nthe other disputes in the Caucasus as well.
\nIn this regard, we hope that our regional partners will share Turkey’s vision for region-wide peace,
\nsecurity and stability.
\nWe believe that the Caucasus Stability and Cooperation Platform, which we launched in the aftermath
\nof the crisis in August 2008, can make a substantial contribution to the efforts in that direction.
\nAnother issue of close interest to us and the world is Iraq’s territorial integrity, political unity and
\ninternal peace.
\nWe attach great importance to the continuation of the political dialogue process encompassing all the
\ngroups in Iraq and the establishment of national unity. A clear manifestation of this is the Neighboring
\nCountries Process regarding Iraq which was initiated by Turkey.
\nIn this connection, I also wish to emphasize the significance of the Strategic Dialogue Mechanism set
\nup between Turkey and Iraq, which is important both in terms of the fight against terrorism, as well as
\nall other aspects of bilateral relations. We are fully committed to maintaining and further developing
\nthis process.
\nThe Palestinian-Israeli conflict is another regional issue to which Turkey is sensitive.
\nIn our view, the resolution of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict based on the vision of two states that will
\nexist side by side in peace and security is an indispensable element of regional and global peace.
\nThe achievement of Palestinian national unity will expedite the establishment of the independent
\nPalestinian state.
\nTurkey has always stood by the Palestinian people and will continue to do so.
\nI wish to draw your attention to the following facts:
\nThe aggression against the Gaza carried out at the end of 2008 quickly turned into a human tragedy
\nand resulted in the deaths of nearly 1400 people, most of whom are women and children. Over 5.000
\npeople were injured. The infrastructure of Gaza was completely destroyed.
\nEven the UN buildings in Gaza have not escaped this destruction. Secretary-General Mr. Ban Ki-moon
\nhas personally witnessed the devastation and voiced his reaction.
\nThe 575-page UN report on Gaza which was released on 15 September 2009 clearly confirms this fact.
\nIt has been eight months since the declaration of the ceasefires that ended the hostilities in Gaza and
\nthe adoption of the Security Council resolution 1860.
\nSimilarly, six months have elapsed since the Sharm al Sheikh Conference where the international
\ncommunity pledged billions of dollars for the reconstruction of Gaza.
\nHowever, I regret that the human tragedy in Gaza still goes on.
\nThe wounds of the people of Gaza have not been sealed. The promises made for Gaza have not been
\nkept. As was the case at the time of the aggression, Gaza has been once again left to its own devices
\nin the aftermath of the heavy destruction it suffered.
\nCurrently, even the importation of construction materials to Gaza is not permitted, and the suffering
\nof the Gaza people continues.
\nWe demand that these obstacles are immediately lifted and normalcy restored to Gaza for the sake of
\npeace and security of both Israel and the Palestinians.
\nThe Palestinian question cannot be resolved solely by satisfying the demands of one party. The
\nsecurity of the Palestinians is as important as the security of Israel. The Palestinian people’s quest for
\nfreedom and peace is as legitimate as Israel’s quest for stability.
\nThe settlement of the Palestinian question which is one of the greatest obstacles to regional and
\nglobal peace will only be possible when everyone is treated fairly and equitably.
\nTurkey has on every possible occasion stressed that it is not possible to turn a blind eye to the
\nappalling conditions in Gaza, and we will continue to do so.
\nIt is our common humanitarian and moral responsibility to ensure that the tragedy unfolding in Gaza
\nis brought to an end, and an atmosphere of lasting peace is created in the region.
\nIt is extremely important that the international community remain engaged in this matter and inject a
\nnew vigor to efforts to resolve the problem.
\nWe call on all parties concerned not to remain indifferent to this question and not to condone further
\nsufferings.
\nWe believe that resumption of the Israeli-Palestinian talks that have been disrupted by the Gaza
\nconflict is of utmost importance and hope that the Peace Process will be revitalized as quickly as
\npossible.
\nSo far, we have made every possible effort to contribute to the Peace Process. The indirect
\nnegotiations between Syria and Israel, which we hosted in Turkey in 2008, are a case in point.
\nDepending on the mutual desire of both parties, we are ready to resume our active role in this
\nprocess.
\n1
\nWe have always said that Syria is a very important country in our region and in a position to play a key
\nrole in the search for regional peace, security and stability. Similarly, Lebanon too is of critical
\nimportance for regional stability. Turkey expended intensive efforts to ensure that a comprehensive
\npolitical compromise prevails in Lebanon. We will continue to support strongly Lebanon’s stability.
\nWe believe that the dispute over our neighbor Iran’s nuclear program, which has long preoccupied
\nthe international community, should be resolved through dialogue.
\nTurkey defends the right of all countries to benefit from peaceful use of nuclear energy. On the other
\nhand, we also call upon all countries to act responsibly, bearing in mind the serious consequences of
\nthe proliferation of nuclear weapons for the whole world. We supported the Security Council
\nresolution 1874 on North Korea’s nuclear test last May, in this spirit.
\n4
\nWe also follow closely the situation in Afghanistan and the developments in Pakistan. We support the
\nstruggle which the peoples of Afghanistan and Pakistan, with whom we enjoy historical and brotherly
\nties, have been waging against extremism. We sustain our infrastructure investments in order to help
\nthe two countries achieve the prosperity they deserve.
\nThe Friends of Democratic Pakistan’s Ministerial Meeting which we convened in Istanbul at the end of
\nAugust is an indication of the importance we attach to Pakistan’s stability and prosperity.
\nAt’this point, I would like to declare that in addition to becoming the Lead Country on Afghanistan in
\nthe Security Council in 2010, we shall assume the Chairmanship of the Committee on Counter-
\nTerrorism.
\nOur strong support for efforts on achieving security and stability in Afghanistan and combating
\nterrorism shall continue unabated during the course of our performance of these duties on the
\nCouncil.
\nAnother region which we follow closely is the Balkans. We believe the integration of the regional
\ncountries with Euro-Atlantic institutions is important and that this perspective should be maintained.
\nMr. President,
\nTurkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus support the efforts for finding a comprehensive
\nsolution on the Island.
\nThe basis upon which such a solution should be built is right here, under the roof of the United
\nNations.
\nIf all the parties to the present negotiations were to act constructively, it would be possible to reach a
\ncomprehensive solution by the end of 2009. As was the case in 2004, we believe that the UN
\nSecretary-General should play a role in bridging the differences which the parties themselves cannot
\nresolve.
\nIt should be our common objective to submit the solution to be reached to a referendum in the spring
\nof 2010 at the latest.
\nHowever, at this juncture, I would like to stress the following point as well: If a solution cannot be
\nfound due to Greek Cypriot intransigence, as was the case in 2004, the normalization of the status of
\nthe Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus will’become a necessity which can no longer be delayed.
\nIt is therefore essential to realize that the negotiations cannot be sustained ad infinitum, that the
\npresent window of opportunity cannot remain open forever and that efforts must be deployed for the
\nsuccess of the process.
\nI would like to take this opportunity to emphasize once again that a comprehensive solution to be
\nachieved on the basis of established UN parameters, which will secure the founding of a new
\nPartnership in Cyprus, will enjoy the open support of Turkey as a guarantor power.
\nA fair and lasting solution in Cyprus will make a major contribution to the transformation of the
\nEastern Mediterranean into a zone of peace, stability and cooperation. I call upon everyone to do
\ntheir utmost to help achieve this goal.
\n5
\nIn the meantime, the Turkish Cypriot side is still subjected to unfair measures of isolation, despite the
\nfact that in 2004 it accepted all the sacrifices that the Annan Plan entailed. It is not fair to expect the
\nTurkish side to pay the price for a lack of solution. The lifting of such restrictions on Turkish Cypriots
\nwill not only remove an unjust practice but also accelerate the process of resolution.
\nMr. President,
\nTurkey continues to actively participate in peace-keeping operations around the world under the
\numbrella of the UN, NATO, EU and the OSCE.
\nWe also lend strong support to the least developed and developing countries in their struggle to
\nresolve developmental problems.
\nOn the other hand, as a party to the Kyoto Protocol, Turkey is ready to live up to its responsibilities
\nwith respect to this vital issue which concerns the future of our world. We support the determined
\nefforts being made by the Secretary-General in the process of devising a new climate change regime.
\nBefore concluding, I wish to draw your attention to another very important issue which poses a threat
\nto our world.
\nWe should not forget that each culture and civilization flourishes through the inspiration provided by
\nthe successes of other cultures and civilizations.
\nAs a matter of fact, our common values today as well as our science, law and art have been influenced
\nnot only by old Greek and Roman civilizations but also ancient Eastern civilizations.
\nFrom Al Harezmi, the father of algebra, to Farabi who laid the foundations of music, from Ibn Sina
\nwho ushered in a new era in medicine to Sinan the architect who produced the finest engineering
\nexamples of his time, many Turkish and Islamic scholars, men of learning and artists made significant
\ncontributions to the progress of mankind.
\nIt is therefore essential to regard and understand diverse cultures not as the “other” but as individual
\nelements of mankind’s cultural inheritance and to cultivate this spirit in new generations.
\nThis is the philosophy which underlies the Alliance of Civilizations which has become a United Nations
\ninitiative and strengthened its institutional structure under the co-sponsorship of Turkey and Spain.
\nI have no doubt that the Alliance will make significant contributions to shaping a global civilization
\nbased on universal values through activities in the spheres of democracy, rule of law, good
\ngovernance, human rights, gender equality, youth and media.
\nAs I conclude my remarks, I would like to express my hope that the 64th General Assembly will serve
\nthe best interests of all humanity.
\nThank you.<\/p>\n

Russian Federation
\nH.E. Mr. Dmitry Medvedev, President<\/h3>\n

23 September 2009<\/p>\n

Statement summary<\/p>\n

DMITRY MEDVEDEV, President of the Russian Federation<\/span>, said the current session was taking place at a very crucial and uneasy point in time, with an economic crisis, regional conflicts, food shortages and climate change.\u00a0 The agenda had been dictated by life itself, and that, in turn, dictated the growing demand for the United Nations as a tried and tested mechanism for the harmonization of various countries\u2019 interests.\u00a0 As never before, the international community was feeling the need for informal collective leadership, increased role of such formats as the G-8 and more recently the G-20, as well as other negotiation and mediation fora.<\/p>\n

Another distinctive feature of modern times related to an increasing role of regional entities, he said.\u00a0 That trend was entirely consistent with the principles of the United Nations Charter.\u00a0 His country, for its part, would continue to strengthen the mechanisms of regional interaction together with its partners across the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and in the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRIC ( Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China).\u00a0 Those mechanisms helped their members to respond collectively to common threats, mitigate the consequences of crises and increase the sustainability of their national economies.<\/p>\n

Among the problems that could not be effectively resolved without the United Nations, he mentioned the imbalance of existing world economy governance mechanisms, the inadequacy of their \u201crules of the game\u201d, and the chasm between financial markets and real economy.\u00a0 With the Millennium Development Goals under a threat of disruption, donor assistance to the countries in need could not be put off until later. \u00a0The arrangements made at the G-20 summits and the United Nations conference on the world financial and economic crisis must be implemented within the deadlines that Member States had set. \u00a0It was also important to address the issues of global energy security. \u00a0His country had recently solidified the principles of a new legal framework for cooperation that had been formulated at the Saint Petersburg G-8 Summit three years ago, and was now inviting everyone to engage in further constructive discussions in that regard. \u00a0Those discussions should be conducted with an active involvement of specialized multilateral institutions, including the agencies of the United Nations system.<\/p>\n

His country also deemed it important to strengthen the United Nations itself, he continued. \u00a0The Organization must adapt to the new world realities, strengthen its influence and preserve its multinational nature, as well as the integrity of the Charter provisions. \u00a0The reform of the Security Council was an essential component of that revitalization. \u00a0The time had come to step up the search for a compromise formula of its expansion and increased efficiency.<\/p>\n

Turning to disarmament, he mentioned a Russian-Chinese initiative regarding a treaty on the prevention of the deployment of weapons in outer space, as well as the proposal to universalise the Russia-United States Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Short-Range Missiles. \u00a0The Russian Federation was steadily following the path of verifiable and irreversible reductions in nuclear weapons as an essential element of \u201ca new start\u201d in its relations with the United States. \u00a0Presidents Obama and Medvedev had signed a relevant document in Moscow last July, and a mandate for further negotiations had been agreed upon — to elaborate a legally binding treaty, which should replace the Treaty on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, which would expire in December. \u00a0The recently announced adjustments to the United States plans for a missile defence system — a subject of his meeting with President Obama today — represented a constructive step in the right direction.\u00a0 His country was prepared to engage in a thorough discussion of the United States proposals and relevant Russian initiatives regarding cooperation in that area.<\/p>\n

Real progress in nuclear disarmament was impossible without addressing national missile defence and non-nuclear strategic offensive arms potential. \u00a0He expected work on a new treaty to fully take into account relevant provisions of the joint document endorsed by the Presidents of the United States and the Russian Federation during their meeting in Moscow. \u00a0Other nuclear States should join the disarmament efforts. \u00a0There was no need to wait for further progress in Russia-United States disarmament. \u00a0It was possible to start elaborating acceptable and practical arrangements, taking into account the difference in the size of potentials. \u00a0The 2010 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) Review Conference would focus on the issues of nuclear disarmament, strengthening of the nuclear non-proliferation regime and a peaceful atom. \u00a0A global summit on nuclear security next April would also present a good opportunity to continue those discussions. \u00a0The Russian Federation had agreed with the United States Administration on joint steps for further progress in such aspects of nuclear security as prevention of nuclear terrorism and expanding access for all members implementing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in good faith to the achievements of a peaceful atom. He called for collective cooperation on those matters.<\/p>\n

As a member of the Quartet, Russia supported the efforts aimed at strengthening the nuclear-non-proliferation regime in the Middle East, he said. \u00a0His country had made specific proposals in the framework of the NPT Review in that regard. \u00a0 Russia had also made proposals within the framework of the six-party talks in connection with the mechanism to ensure peace and security in North-East Asia.<\/p>\n

Turning to regional conflicts and security, he recalled \u201ca reckless attempt of Georgia\u2019s authorities to resolve the problem in its relations with South Ossetia by military means\u201d. \u00a0To avoid the repetition of the events of August 2008, it was necessary to have clear and effective mechanisms to implement the principle of the indivisibility of security. \u00a0Without that, it would be impossible to overcome the legacy of the past, its instincts and prejudices. \u00a0Moreover, irresponsible regimes should not have any opportunity whatsoever to cause disputes among other countries. \u00a0The role and place of modern nations in ensuring global security was one of the most relevant topics. \u00a0Such issues had been the focus of discussion at an international conference in the Russian city of Yaroslavl. \u00a0The outcome of that discussion was that the future belonged to \u201csmart politics\u201d. \u00a0The current global crisis was not only the crisis of economy, but also a crisis of ideas. \u00a0It accumulated \u201ca critical mass\u201d of outdated policies and development models.<\/p>\n

The Russian Federation had introduced an initiative to sign a European security treaty and proposed a fresh look at that problem, he said. \u00a0The initiative concerned the Euro-Atlantic space, but its key provision on indivisibility of security was a universal principle applicable to all regions of the world that was fully consistent with the Charter of the United Nations.<\/p>\n

Referring to the growing nationalist moods, numerous manifestations of religious intolerance and animosity, he said it would be extremely useful to establish a high-level group on interreligious dialogue under the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Director-General. \u00a0That was especially relevant on the eve of the year for Rapprochement of Cultures in 2010.<\/p>\n

He added that, on the eve of the sixty-fifth anniversary of the end of the Second World War next year, Russia had made a proposal to adopt a General Assembly resolution on the matter and hold a special session to commemorate all victims of that war next May.\u00a0 \u00a0Attempts were being made to whitewash Nazism, deny the Holocaust and revise the decisions of the Nuremburg Tribunal. \u00a0Firm and joint resistance to the manifestations of neo-Nazism and attempts to revise the outcome of the Second World War should remain a priority task for the United Nations.
\nPermanent Mission
\nof the Russian
\nFederation
\nto the United Nations
\n136E 67th Street \u2022
\nNew York, NY 10065
\nUnofficial translation
\nCheck against delivery
\nADDRESS
\nby H. E. Dmitry A. Medvedev, President of the Russian Federation,
\nat the 64th Session of the UN General Assembly
\n23 September 2009
\nMr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen,
\nToday I would like to highlight five topics that are, as it seems to. me,
\nimportant for all of us and for our common approaches to the international agenda.
\n1. Timing of this meeting.
\nThe current UN GA session is taking place in a very crucial and uneasy point
\nin time. Without exaggeration, we are living through one of the breaking moments of
\nthe modern history. Besides the economic crisis – the first wide-scale crisis of
\nglobalization era \u2014 the world development continues to be threatened by regional and
\nlocal conflicts, terrorism and trans-border crime, food shortage and climate change.
\nThe impact of this crisis continues to be suffered by the majority of the
\ncountries of the world. Albeit so far we were able to avoid the worst scenario, the
\nquestion is still pending: how the huge disbalances and deficits accumulated in the
\nworld and national economies amounting to trillions of dollars will be overcome?
\n2
\nThe unification agenda has been dictated by life itself. And this dictates the
\ngrowing demand for the UN as a time tested mechanism of harmonization of interests
\nof different counties.
\nAs never before, we are feeling the need for informal collective leadership;
\nincreased role of such formats as G8, and recently, G20, as well as other negotiation
\nand mediation fora. These platforms act not against anyone but in favor of advancing
\nconverging interests of their participants. Their agreed approaches are being
\nimplemented through’ the UN system as well harmonically complementing the
\ncomprehensive efforts of this Organization as a pillar of the current world order.
\nAnother distinctive feature of the modem time is the increasing role of the
\nregional entities. They become even more active throughout all the continents. This
\ntrend is absolutely consistent with the principles of the UN Charter. Russia, on its
\npart, will continue to strengthen the mechanisms of regional interaction together with
\nits partners across the CIS and in the framework of the SCO and BRIC. These
\nmechanisms help respond collectively to common threats, and mitigate the
\nconsequences of the crisis for our citizens and increase sustainability of national
\neconomies.
\n2. Existing problems.
\nLet me dwell on those which cannot be effectively addressed without and
\nbeyond the United Nations.
\nThe first one is the disbalance of currently existing mechanisms of world
\neconomy governance, inadequacy of their “rules of the game”, the gap between the
\nfinancial markets and the real sector of economy. We need to make joint efforts to
\nestablish such financial and economic model that would guarantee everyone from
\nsuch turmoil in the future.
\nIn fact, all countries have confronted a drop in volumes of output and the living
\nstandard of. millions of people. The crisis has exacerbated social problems; and
\n3
\nbecame a trial for the young people at the start of their life; and caused significant
\ngrowth in unemployment.
\nA painful blow was delivered to our plans to alleviate poverty. A real threat of
\ndisruption of the Millennium Development Goals has manifested itself. We must do
\nour utmost to prevent such a development.
\nThe donor assistance to the countries in need cannot be put off “to the later”.
\nThe tasks assigned as priority by the world community must be addressed by all
\nmeans. The arrangements made at the G20 Summits and the UN Conference on
\nworld financial and economic crisis and its impact on development must be fulfilled.
\nThe second major task here is to address the issues of global energy security.
\nThree years ago at the Saint Petersburg G8 Summit, principles of a new legal
\nframework for such cooperation were formulated. The goal is to harmonize the
\ninterests of all participants in the energy “chain”: suppliers, consumers and transiters.
\nRecently, we have specified these principles and invite everyone to engage in
\nfurther constructive discussion. We believe that these discussions should be
\nconducted with active involvement of profile multilateral institutions including the
\nUN. family agencies.
\nThe third task that Russia deems important is the throughout strengthening of
\nthe United Nations potential. The UN must rationally adapt itself to [new] world
\nrealities. It should also strengthen its influence and preserve its multinational nature
\nand integrity of the UN Charter provisions.
\nThe reform of the UN Security Council is an essential component of its
\nrevitalization. The time has come to speed up the search for a compromise formula of
\nits expansion and increased efficiency of its work.
\n3. Disarmament.
\nA highly challenging task is to move forward the process of multilateral
\ndisarmament under the UN auspices. You are aware that positive trends have
\n4
\ni
\nemerged in overcoming the protracted crisis in this area. The Conference on
\nDisarmament in Geneva has adapted its program of work. Let me mention the
\nRussian-Chinese initiative regarding a treaty on the prevention of the placement of
\nweapons in outer space as well as our proposal to universalize the Russian-American
\nTreaty on the Elimination of the Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles.
\nRussia will steadily follow the path of verifiable and irreversible reductions in
\nnuclear weapons as an essential element of “the new start” in our relations with the
\nUnited States. President Obama and I signed a relevant document in Moscow last
\nJune. A mandate for further negotiations was agreed upon \u2014 to elaborate a legally
\nbinding treaty. This treaty should replace the Treaty on the Reduction and Limitation
\nof Strategic Offensive Arms, which expires this December.
\nI would like to emphasize the objective relationship between strategic
\noffensive and defensive arms. The recently announced adjustments in the US plans of
\nmissile defense system development are in our view a constructive step in the right
\ndirection that deserved the positive response of the international community. We are
\nprepared to engage in a thorough discussion of the US proposals and relevant
\nRussia’s initiatives regarding cooperation in this area to reach generally acceptable
\narrangements.
\nThe real progress in nuclear disarmament is impossible without addressing
\nsuch matters of principle as NMD and non-nuclear SOA potential. I expect that the
\nwork on a new treaty will be fully consistent with relevant provisions of the joint
\ndocument endorsed by the US President and me during our meeting in Moscow.
\nWe believe that other nuclear States should join the disarmament efforts of
\nRussia and the United States. It is not necessary to wait for further progress in the
\nRussian-American disarmament process. We can start elaborating in advance
\nacceptable and practical arrangements that take into account the differences in the
\nsize of potentials. For instance, we can use as an example the decisions of the 1921-
\n5
\n1922 Washington Conference on the naval armaments when the participants agreed
\non their maximum size of their fleets without trying to achieve their equal levels. If
\nwe use the same approach today based on the actual status of nuclear powers arsenal
\nwe will give the rest of the world a necessary signal of certainty that the unaccounted
\nnumbers will be added to the “equation” of strategic stability.
\nThe 2010 NPT Review Conference will focus on the issues of nuclear
\ndisarmament, strengthening of the nuclear non-proliferation regime and peaceful
\natom. We are looking forward to its success.
\nThe Global Nuclear Security Summit scheduled for next April will provide a
\ngood opportunity for a more detailed discussion of these issues.
\nWe have also agreed with the US Administration on joint steps for further
\nprogress in such aspects of nuclear security as prevention of nuclear terrorism, and
\nexpanding the access for all good faith NPT Members to the achievements of
\npeaceful atom.
\nWe call for collective cooperation on these matters.
\nIn order to reach a common understanding on such important issues we must
\nengage all nations and influential international organizations into the abovementioned
\nnegotiation processes. The international community has at its disposal
\nsuch well-tested measures for increasing the level of regional and international
\nsecurity as nuclear free zones. In particular, there is an urgent task of establishing a
\nzone free of all types of WMDs and their means of delivery in the Middle East. This
\nis a long-standing issue. And the 1995 NPT Review Conference had adopted a
\nrelevant resolution in this regard.
\nRussia as a member of the Quartet of international mediators on the Middle
\nEast settlement consistently supports the efforts aimed at strengthening the nuclear
\nnon-proliferation regime in the Middle East. Russia has made specific proposals in
\nthe framework of the NPT review process to search for generally acceptable ways of
\n6
\nimplementing the relevant NPT decisions. All countries of the region need to take an
\nactive stance on this issue and demonstrate their willingness to ensure a real progress
\nin establishing a nuclear free zone.
\nWe also need to speed up the work towards a mechanism to ensure peace and
\nsecurity in North-East Asia. Russia made its proposals in this regard to the
\nparticipants in the Six-Party Talks. Under the present circumstances this task
\nbecomes even more urgent.
\n4. Regional conflicts and regional security.
\nWe intend to continue to participate in the search for efficient options of
\nsettlement for regional conflicts. We are convinced that the use of force can only
\naggravate this situation. This was demonstrated by a reckless attempt of the Georgian
\nauthorities to resolve the problems in their relations with South Ossetia by military
\nmeans.
\nThen, in August 2008, we were very close to the situation when a local armed
\nconflict could grow into a full-scale war. I am certain that this is understood by
\neveryone and in order to avoid repetition of such developments we need to have clear
\nand effective mechanisms to implement the principle of indivisibility of security.
\nWithout it we will not be able to step over the legacy of the past era, to overcome its
\ninstincts and prejudices. Moreover, the irresponsible regimes should not have any
\nopportunity whatsoever to cause disputes among other counties.
\nThe role and place of the modern nations in ensuring global security is one of
\nthe most relevant topics. We have repeatedly witnessed situations when the problems
\nemerging on the territory of individual states acquired regional or even global
\ncharacter. Incompetence and inefficiency of national government institutions can
\nprovoke consequences that represent risk for several countries. Of course, the
\nprevention of such consequences is a complex issue. But we must think it over
\ntogether as well.
\n7
\nThese issues were at the focus of discussion in the Russian- city of Yaroslavl
\nwhere a representative international conference was held. The outcome of this
\ndiscussion is that the future belongs to the smart politics. The current global crisis is
\nnot only the crisis of economy but also the crisis of ideas. It accumulates a “critical
\nmass” of outdated policies and development models.
\nRussia has come up with the initiative to sign a European security treaty and
\nproposed a fresh look at this problem so as to abandon the outdated policies. The
\nCold War is over. But the world has not become more secure. And this is already a
\nfact known to everyone. Today we need genuinely modern solutions. We also need
\nclear legal framework for already existing political commitments. This includes
\nobligations that would strengthen the following principle: not to ensure one’s own
\nsecurity at the expense of security of others.
\nOur initiative concerns the Euro-Atlantic space. However, its key provision on
\nindivisibility of security is a universal principle applicable to all regions of the world
\nthat is fully consistent with the letter and spirit of the UN Charter. The principle of
\nindivisibility of security should become an integral part of the international law.
\n5. Values.
\nLadies and Gentlemen,
\nThe protection of human rights and interests, universal application of generally
\nrecognized norms and principles in this area should become a basis for strengthening
\nconfidence and stability in the international relations. We all share the values that are
\nrooted in the norms of morality, religions, customs and traditions. I am talking about
\nsuch essential concepts as the right to live, tolerance to dissent, responsibility towards
\none’s family, charity and compassion. This is the basis for both the daily life of
\npeople and relations among States.
\nHowever, the world is witnessing growing nationalist moods, numerous
\nmanifestations of religious intolerance and animosity. Therefore, we consider it to be
\n8
\nextremely useful to establish a High Level Group on interreligious dialogue under the
\nUNESCO Director-General. This is especially relevant on the eve of 2010 declared
\nby the UN as the year for Rapprochement of Cultures.
\nAnd finally, I cannot but touch upon one more topic as I stand on this podium.
\nNext year we are going to celebrate the 65th anniversary of the end of the
\nWorld War II.
\nRussia made a proposal to adopt a relevant UN GA resolution and hold in May
\nnext year its special session to commemorate all victims of that war. We cannot allow
\nits horrible lessons to be forgotten.
\nHowever, from time to time we see the neo-Nazi organizations raising their
\nhead. Racial, national or ethnic crimes are being committed. Attempts are being made
\nto whitewash the Nazism, to deny Holocaust, revise the decisions of the Nuremberg
\nTribunal.
\nI am convinced that firm and joint resistance to manifestations of neo-Nazism
\nand attempts to revise the results of the World War II enshrined in the UN Charter
\nshould remain a priority task for the United Nations.
\nLadies and Gentlemen,
\nThe creation of the UN has become one of the main achievements of the world
\ncommunity in the 20th century. There is no and cannot be an alternative to this
\norganization and its fruitful activity. We have no right to forget that the UN possesses
\na unique international legitimacy. And we all must preserve and strengthen this
\nshared wealth of the peoples of the world.
\nThank you for attention.<\/p>\n

Turkmenistan
\nH.E. Mr. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, President<\/h3>\n

23 September 2009 Statement summary<\/p>\n

GURBANGULY BERDIMUHAMEDOV, President of Turkmenistan, said today\u2019s world demanded closer coordination among States and international organizations. \u00a0How effective that interaction was would determine how global problems of ecology, energy, food, water distribution and poverty would be solved.\u00a0 It would be impossible to discuss achieving those goals without reaffirming the United Nations\u2019s most important role.\u00a0 For more than 60 years, it had been the main guarantor of universal peace, security and development.<\/p>\n

Regarding United Nations reform, he said the Organization had to improve its effectiveness.\u00a0 Reform must be sensible, targeted and related to the global community\u2019s real needs.\u00a0 Supporting efforts to bring more openness to the United Nations, he said the Security Council\u2019s structure had to be improved, notably to create closer interaction with the General Assembly.<\/p>\n

He said the permanent neutrality of Turkmenistan, and features of its legal status, provided opportunities for positive influence on the process in the Central Asia and Caspian Sea region.\u00a0 The idea would be to create permanent mechanisms for discussing regional problems and working out mutually acceptable decisions.\u00a0 Security of one country could not be guaranteed in a lack of regional security.<\/p>\n

On energy, he said discussion centred not on accepting preventive measures or local agreements on aspects of fuel transport, but on the creation of a new, universal model of relations in the world energy space \u2013- those based on a multilateral balance of interests.\u00a0 In line with a General Assembly resolution on \u201cReliable and stable transit of energy resources and its role in securing stable growth and international cooperation\u201d (2008), Turkmenistan had held a high-level international conference on that issue.\u00a0 A proposal from it outlined the creation of a legal document on the transit of energy resources, which would take into account proposals of interested countries and organizations.\u00a0 Turkmenistan fully supported that idea and called on interested States to put forward proposals.<\/p>\n

Taking up disarmament and reduction of weapons arsenals, he said countering distribution was a main issue on the global agenda.\u00a0 Turkmenistan was convinced that the fewer armaments, the more stable the world\u2019s development.\u00a0 All countries in his region were parties to the 2006 Treaty that established a nuclear-free zone in Central Asia, and he called for holding an international conference in the first half of next year under United Nations auspices.\u00a0 He also welcomed proposals aimed at assisting global disarmament processes.<\/p>\n

Among the most serious issues today was effectively countering international terrorism, illegal drug trafficking and trans-border organized crime, he said. Such problems were especially important in his region and only through joint efforts could those threats be resisted.\u00a0 The United Nations should increase its participation in coordinating models of international cooperation that aimed to neutralize those threats.<\/p>\n

Turning to the revival of Afghanistan, he said Turkmenistan would continue to provide assistance to that country for reconstruction, and social and humanitarian purposes.\u00a0 The United Nations, with its peacemaking experience, should suggest new political-diplomatic models for solving Afghanistan\u2019s problems and take into account the potential of the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia.<\/p>\n

The serious after-effects of the world financial and economic crisis demonstrated the need to join efforts in shaping a global architecture of security and establishing conditions for equal relations among States, based on recognized international legal norms, he said.\u00a0 Responsibility, morality and humanism were criteria that current and future generations would use to assess the Assembly\u2019s work.\u00a0 As a member of the world community, Turkmenistan would contribute to strengthening the high principles in such international affairs.<\/p>\n

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\n\u041d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u2013 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0435, \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 1
\n\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c – \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c.
\n\u0413\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0417\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438.
\n\u041e\u041e\u041d \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434 \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.
\n\u041f\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d. \u041c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043d\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430. \u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b – \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041e\u041e\u041d, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f.
\n\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b: \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432-\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041e\u041e\u041d, \u0435\u0435 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 2
\n\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0439.
\n\u0423\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c,
\n\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.
\n\u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f 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\n3
\n\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043c \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432.
\n\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u044b \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b: \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435, \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443, \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c.
\n\u0421 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e, \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c, – \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0435 \u043e \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 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\n5
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\n\u0434\u0430\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430,
\n\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043d\u044f. \u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b, \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0423\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b: \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438.
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0432 2006 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0414\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u044f\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0414\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u041e\u041e\u041d. \u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u0433\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u041c\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.
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\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0423\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0441 \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435.
\n\u0423\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c,
\n\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439,
\n\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e 7
\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439.
\n\u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443. \u041c\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0441 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c.
\n\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044e \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n

Iran (Islamic Republic of)
\nH.E. Mr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President<\/h3>\n

23 September 2009
\nStatement summary<\/p>\n

MAHMOUD AHMADINEJAD, President of Iran, said that to create \u201ca bright tomorrow\u201d, fundamental changes of attitude would have to be made. First off, the current financial system would have to change. \u201cThe engine of unbridled capitalism, with its unfair system of thought, has reached the end of the road and is unable to move,\u201d he said. \u201cThe era of capitalist thinking [\u2026] and the age of setting up empires is over. It is no longer possible to humiliate nations and impose double standards on the world community.\u201d Such hypocrisy would not be allowed to continue. \u201cThose who define democracy and freedom and set standards while they themselves are the first who violate fundamental principles [\u2026] can no longer be both the judge and executor, and challenge the real democratically established Governments.\u201d He added that \u201cmost nations, including the people of the United States, are waiting for real and profound changes.\u201d<\/p>\n

With regard to Palestine, he said that the entire population of a country had been deprived of their homeland for more than 60 years, and their legitimate right of self-defence had been denied. He noted that while certain Governments unconditionally supported the occupiers against defenceless women and children, at the same time, \u201coppressed men and women\u201d were subjected to heavy economic blockades, the result of which was \u201cgenocide\u201d. He then addressed issues in the wider Middle East and said it was \u201cnot acceptable that some who are several thousand kilometres away from the Middle East should send their troops for military intervention\u201d and spread war, bloodshed, aggression and terror.<\/p>\n

It was no longer possible to bring a country under military occupation in the name of the fight against terrorism and drug trafficking, while the production of drugs multiplied and terrorism widened its dimensions, he said. And \u201cthose who have created the current disastrous situation continue to blame others. How can you speak about friendship and solidarity with other nations while you expand your military bases in different parts of the world, including in Latin America?\u201d He warned that such \u201cmilitaristic logic\u201d would have dire consequences and exacerbate the problems in the world. \u201cThere are those who export billions of dollars of arms every year, stockpile chemical and biological, as well as nuclear weapons [\u2026] while accusing others of militarism.\u201d<\/p>\n

On the subject of the economy, he said the current financial mechanisms were outdated, and those inequitable structures were unable to solve the challenges ahead. The political and economic structures created following the Second World War had been based on intentions to dominate the world and failed to promote justice and lasting security. \u201cBy the grace of God, Marxism is gone. It is now history. Unhindered capitalism will certainly have the same fate.\u201d He spoke against colonialist and discriminatory goals and hypocrisy in international relations, and called for collective action \u201cto return to basic moral and human values\u201d.<\/p>\n

Before the Assembly were several points on the agenda, he said. The first included the reform of the Organization itself, in particular the structure of the Security Council and the abolishment of veto rights, and the restoration of the rights of the Palestinian people. He also called for an end to inference in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, Asia and Europe. \u201cOppression against Palestinians and violations of their rights still continue,\u201d he said. \u201cBombings in Afghanistan and Pakistan have not yet stopped, and Guantanamo prison has not yet been shut down. And there are still secret prisons in Europe.\u201d Further points before the Assembly included reform of the current international economic structures and political relations, and the \u201ceradication of the arms race and the elimination of all nuclear, chemical and biological weapons\u201d. At the same time, he emphasized the right of \u201call nations to have access to peaceful technologies\u201d.<\/p>\n

Speaking of his own country, he said: \u201cOur nation has successfully gone through a glorious and fully democratic election, opening a new chapter for our country in the march towards national progress and enhanced international interactions. They entrusted me once more with a large majority with this heavy responsibility.\u201d He emphasized that Iran was ready to engage with the international community and \u201cwarmly shake all those hands which are honestly extended to us\u201d, he said. \u201cNo nation can claim to be free from the need to change and reform in this journey towards perfectness. We welcome real and humane changes, and stand ready to actively engage in fundamental global reforms.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ukraine
\nH.E. Mr. Victor Yushchenko, President<\/h3>\n

23 September 2009
\nStatement summary<\/p>\n

VICTOR YUSHCNENKO, President of Ukraine<\/span>, said there was an atmosphere of strengthening freedom in his country, and its choice for democracy was irreversible. \u00a0As a free nation, Ukraine would not accept any form of interference into the internal affairs of sovereign States, any pressure on them, or any manifestation of authoritarian thinking in international relations. \u00a0Most importantly, Ukraine would not accept any violations of fundamental international principles, particularly territorial integrity and the inviolability of the frontiers of all sovereign States.<\/p>\n

The Charter entrusted the Security Council with the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, and he confirmed Ukraine\u2019s resolve to become a Council member in 2016-2017. \u00a0 Ukraine would always be a reliable partner of the United Nations in all peace and security issues and collective actions that fostered stability in all regions, especially Africa.<\/p>\n

Nearly 15 years ago, Ukraine had voluntarily given up the world\u2019s third largest nuclear potential and acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear State. \u00a0He welcomed steps taken by the Untied States and the Russian Federation to shape a new agreement to replace the Treaty on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms of 31 July 1991, which expired this year. \u00a0The country strictly abided by Council resolutions and adhered to all established international regimes.<\/p>\n

He then turned to the global fight against maritime piracy, which was an important issue for a country with nearly 70,000 citizens employed on ships under foreign flags.\u00a0 Ukraine valued all efforts of the United Nations and International Maritime Organization in that regard, and he stressed that piracy was a dangerous and threatening problem that impacted all nations. \u00a0In the last seven years, pirates had attacked 18 vessels with Ukrainian sailors on board and 35 Ukrainian sailors had been taken hostage in the last nine months. \u00a0 Ukraine strongly supported the creation of uniform and clear rules to fight pirates and protect sailors.<\/p>\n

The global financial crisis was one of the most acute problems facing the international community and it may be time to discuss the creation of a United Nations \u201cEconomic Security Council\u201d. \u00a0The most important objective of the Organization was for each country to protect common people from the financial crisis and prevent a decline in their living standards, he added.<\/p>\n

Kazakhstan
\nH.E. Kanat Saudabayev, Secretary of State and Minister for Foreign Affairs<\/h3>\n

23 September 2009
\nStatement summary<\/p>\n

KANAT SAUDABAYEV, Secretary of State and Foreign Minister of Kazakhstan, recalled that on 11 September eight years ago, Kazakh citizen Zhanetta Tsoy had kissed her husband and daughter goodbye before perishing on her first day of work, in the attack on the World Trade Center.\u00a0 That terrorist act, and the world\u2019s unity in condemning it, showed that only together could the international community make a safer and better present and future.\u00a0 Kazakhstan had supported the global fight against terrorism from the start by assisting the efforts of the international coalition in Afghanistan.\u00a0 However, there had never been and there would never be a purely military solution to the conflict there.<\/p>\n

Noting with satisfaction the increased attention paid by coalition members to non-military aspects of security, he said his country was assisting, to the best of its ability, in the international efforts to rehabilitate Afghanistan.\u00a0 Kazakhstan was also in the process of developing a long-term educational programme for training qualified Afghan specialists.\u00a0 However, the country\u2019s long-term stability was impossible without effective measures to tackle illicit drug trafficking.\u00a0 The Central Asian Regional Information Coordination Centre had been established in Almaty, Kazakhstan, with United Nations support, to fight illicit drug trafficking.\u00a0 As Chairman-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in 2010, Kazakhstan intended to define stabilization efforts in Afghanistan as one of that organization\u2019s most important priorities.<\/p>\n

As a country that had experience the horrors of nuclear tests, Kazakhstan had a \u201cmoral right\u201d to call for more decisive action in the area of disarmament, he said, calling in particular for the soonest possible entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.\u00a0 However, the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons was \u201casymmetrical\u201d in providing sanctions only against non-nuclear-weapon States.\u00a0 Nuclear-weapon Powers should themselves set the example by reducing and renouncing their nuclear arsenals.\u00a0 An effective measure to strengthen the non-proliferation regime would be the establishment of an international nuclear fuel bank under IAEA auspices, which Kazakhstan would be willing to host on its territory.<\/p>\n

Calling attention to Kazakhstan\u2019s proposal to declare 29 August the International Day for a World Free of Nuclear Weapons, he said that was the date of the first Soviet nuclear test conducted at Semipalatinsk in 1949 and the date when the site had been shut down in 1991.\u00a0 As Chairman of the 2011 Ministerial Conference of the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), Kazakhstan was eager to use that \u201cunique opportunity\u201d to strengthen constructive cooperation between various cultures and civilizations, and to adopt concrete decisions on the issue.\u00a0 Quoting Martin Luther King Jr., he said: \u201cMen often hate each other because they fear each other; they fear each other because they don\u2019t know each other; they don\u2019t know each other because they cannot communicate; they cannot communicate because they are separated.\u201d\u00a0 While those words were often true today, they should not be true tomorrow.<\/p>\n

KAZAKHSTAN
\nPlease, check against delivery
\nSTATEMENT
\nBY H.E. MR. KANAT SAUDABAYEV
\nSECRETARY OF STATE – MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
\nOF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
\nAT THE GENERAL DEBATE OF THE 64™ SESSION
\nOF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
\n25 September 2009
\nNew York
\nPERMANENT MISSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN TO THE UNITED NATIONS
\n3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza
\n305 East 47th Street, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10017
\nTel: (212) 230-1900 \u2022 Fax (212) 230-1172 \u2022 E-mail: kazakhstan@un.int
\nMr. President,
\nMr. Secretary-General,
\nLadies and gentlemen,
\nAt the outset, I would like to congratulate you, Mr. President, on the election to
\nthis high post and wish you success during this UN General Assembly session.
\nEight years ago, on September 11, Ms. Zhannetta Tsoy, a citizen of Kazakhstan,
\nhaving kissed her daughter and husband, left for her first day at a new work in New
\nYork’s tallest building. Two hours later she perished. Along with three thousand
\nAmericans and citizens of other 91 countries she was buried under the debris of what
\nhad once been the World Trade Center’s Twin Towers. On that day, as Kazakhstan’s
\nAmbassador in Washington D.C., along with all Americans I could acutely feel how
\nfragile, vulnerable and interdependent our world had become. This terrorist act and the
\nworld’s unity in its strict condemnation showed that only together we can make our
\npresent and our future safer and better. Indeed, the key to successful resolution of
\ntoday’s most acute problems is exactly in the world’s unity and understanding.
\nPresident Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan and our people have supported
\nthe global fight against terrorism from the start by rendering assistance to efforts of the
\nInternational Coalition in Afghanistan. However, there has never been and will never
\nbe only a military solution to the Afghan problem. We note with satisfaction that the
\nCoalition members have commenced paying more attention to non-military aspects of
\nsecurity. To the best of our ability, Kazakhstan is also assisting the international efforts
\nto rehabilitate Afghanistan. We provide considerable humanitarian aid to this country,
\nmore than that, we are developing a long-term educational program for training
\nqualified Afghan specialists, as we also consider other forms of assistance to that
\ncountry.
\nLong-term stability in Afghanistan is impossible without effective measures to
\ntackle illicit drug trafficking. The Central Asian Regional Information-Coordination
\nCenter (CARICC) has been established in Almaty with the support of the UN to fight
\nillicit drug trafficking.
\nKazakhstan, as Chairman-in-Office of the Organization for Security and
\nCooperation in Europe in 2010, intends to define stabilization of the situation in
\nAfghanistan – OSCE’s regional neighbor – as one of the most important priorities of
\nthe Organization.
\nMr. President,
\nThe prospect of nuclear weapons proliferation, along with a risk of their
\nacquisition and use by terrorist organizations remains one of the most serious threats to
\nthe mankind.
\nAs a country that has experienced the horrors of nuclear tests, shut down the
\nworld’s second largest nuclear testing site, and voluntarily renounced the world’s
\nfourth largest nuclear and missile arsenal, Kazakhstan has an absolute moral right to
\ncall for more decisive actions in the area of disarmament and radical strengthening of
\nthe weapons of mass destruction non-proliferation regime.
\nIn particular, Kazakhstan deems it is important to ensure the soonest entry into
\nforce of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. We are encouraged by the
\nintentions of U.S. President Barack Obama to give a new impetus to this process.
\nKazakhstan stands for the strengthening and ensuring universality of the Treaty
\non Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. We have to acknowledge that the Treaty is
\nasymmetric in providing sanctions only against non-nuclear-weapon states, although
\nthe nuclear powers themselves should set examples of reducing and renouncing their
\nnuclear arsenals.
\nIn this regard, we welcome the latest initiatives of U.S. and Russia’s Presidents
\nBarack Obama and Dmitry Medvedev in this field, which echo principled positions
\nexpressed more than once from this podium by President Nazarbayev, as well as in his
\nbilateral meetings with heads of nuclear-weapon states, as well as countries that
\ncherish such ambitions.
\nToday, it is necessary to take even more decisive actions. Our President has
\nproposed the development of a new universal Comprehensive Horizontal and Vertical
\nNuclear Weapons Non-Proliferation Treaty. The configuration of the new treaty and
\nits contents will largely depend on the proposals of all interested states.
\nAn effective measure to strengthen the non-proliferation regime could be the
\nestablishment of international nuclear fuel bank under IAEA auspices, and Kazakhstan
\nis ready to consider a possibility of locating it on our territory.
\nOne of the considerable contributions made by Kazakhstan and the Central
\nAsian states to the NPT implementation was this March’s entry into force of the Treaty
\non the Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in our region. The peculiarity of this zone is that it
\nis located between two largest nuclear powers. The zone could play a large practical
\nrole in preventing uncontrolled proliferation of nuclear materials, as well as in fighting
\nthe nuclear terrorism. We count on the support for the Central Asian zone, firstly, from
\nthe nuclear powers, meaning a possibility of providing negative security guarantees.
\nWe support the U.S. initiative to hold a global nuclear security summit next
\nyear.
\nI would like to draw the attention of the General Assembly to a proposal of the
\nPresident of Kazakhstan on declaring 29 August as the International Day for a World
\nFree of Nuclear Weapons. This date has a deep symbolical meaning. On this day in
\n1949, the Soviet Union conducted its first nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk test site,
\nand on the same day, in 1991 the test site was shut down forever by our President’s
\ndecree. We hope the General Assembly will support this initiative.
\nLadies and gentlemen,
\nToday, the mankind is undergoing the global financial and economic crisis, the
\nlargest one of recent decades. According to the IMF, approximately 50 states have
\nedged to the brink of an economic catastrophe. At the same time, the present crisis is
\nlargely logical. The world’s economic development and a gigantic leap forward in
\ntechnologies over the last 60 years could not solve such eternal problems as poverty
\nand hunger. The gap between the rich and the poor continues to grow. More than a
\nbillion people live on less than a dollar a day. With prominent achievements in modern
\nscience and medicine, about 10 million children under five die annually because of
\ncurable diseases. More than 30 million people worldwide live with HIV, while only
\nthee million of those have access to anti-retroviral therapy.
\nThe economic crisis has caused necessity to rethink and revisit many conceptual
\napproaches that have earlier seemed cut in stone. It once again demonstrated the
\nurgency of unifying all states’ efforts in addressing modern challenges. The leader of
\nour country was one of the first to share his vision for the world’s post-crisis
\ndevelopment. He proposed drafting an international law on the single world currency,
\nas well as establishing, in the long run, the World Emission Centre, the World Anti-
\nMonopoly Currency Committee, as well as the World Committee of Market Freedom.
\nThe United Nations with its structural bodies and specialized agencies is the singular
\nglobal organization capable of addressing such problems.
\nMr. President,
\nDuring acute social and economic breakdowns risks of inter-ethnic and interreligious
\nconflicts increase considerably. Located at the confluence of Asia and
\nEurope, having maintained peace and accord in a multi-ethnic and multi-religious
\ncountry during all the years of its independence, Kazakhstan is ready to act as a
\n“bridge” of mutual understanding and tolerance between the East and the West.
\nAs Chairman of the OSCE in 2010, and of the 2011 Ministerial Conference of
\nthe Organization of Islamic Conference, Kazakhstan is eager to fully use this unique
\nopportunity for strengthening constructive cooperation between various cultures and
\ncivilizations, adoption of concrete decisions on this issue. In addition, since 2003 our
\ncountry has hosted three Congresses of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions,
\nnow supported by the United Nations.
\nAt Kazakhstan’s initiative, the 62nd session of UN General Assembly adopted a
\nresolution declaring 2010 the International Year for Rapprochement of Cultures. We
\ncall on UN Member States to take active participation in marking this Year.
\nKazakhstan, fully supporting the goals of the Alliance of Civilizations, calls on
\nall Member States and organizations of the UN system to contribute to the
\nstrengthening of tolerance and mutual understanding in the world.
\nLadies and gentlemen,
\nIn modern circumstances, the regional aspect of solving global problems
\nincreases. Our country is firmly committed to consistent development of the regional
\ncooperation for security and development in Central Asia.
\nCurrently, a unique security architecture is being formed in Eurasia, with
\norganizations such as OSCE, CICA, SCO, CSTO, and NATO forming its most
\nimportant elements. At the same time, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence
\nBuilding Measures in Asia (CICA), convened at the initiative introduced by President
\nNazarbayev from this podium in 1992, is now becoming an effective mechanism for
\nstrengthening regional security and cooperation.
\nIn 2010, our country will take up the chairmanship of the OSCE. We intend to
\nwork for the good of all OSCE member states to strengthen the Organization’s
\nefficiency in addressing new challenges and threats, as well as to further strengthen
\nconfidence-building and security measures in the Euro-Atlantic community. The
\nOSCE Summit could be one of such mechanisms, for which an urgent need has arisen
\nafter a 10-year break, and we intend to actively work with our partners on its
\norganization.
\nLadies and gentlemen,
\nIn today’s swiftly changing world, the adaptation of the United Nations to
\nmodern realities is an important task for all member states.
\nKazakhstan supports the reform process for the UN and its main bodies based
\non the principle position of the need to increase the effectiveness, authority and
\nrelevance for our global organization. We believe that in the modern world there is no
\nalternative now and there will never be any for the United Nations. We support the
\nreforms in three major directions – the revitalization of the work of the UN General
\nAssembly, the reform of the UN Security Council and the improvement of the UN
\nsystem-wide coherence.
\nFifty years ago Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said: “Men often hate each other
\nbecause they fear each other; they fear each other because they don’t know each other;
\nthey don’t know each other because they can not communicate; they can not
\ncommunicate because they are separated.” Regrettably, these words are often true even
\ntoday, but they should not be true tomorrow. In the era of globalization and
\nunprecedented interdependence in the world, there should be no place for mistrust,
\nfear, or hatred, while principles of trust, understanding and cooperation should rein.
\nOnly by working together can we address with dignity difficult challenges that the
\nmankind faces today and make our world safer and better.
\nThank you for your attention.<\/p>\n

Georgia
\nH.E. Mr. Mikheil Saakashvili, President<\/h3>\n

24 September 2009
\nStatement summary<\/p>\n

MIKHEIL SAAKASHVILI, President of Georgia, said the Assembly was meeting on the twentieth anniversary of one of the most successful triumphs of United Nations principles — the fall of the Berlin Wall.\u00a0 That event had ended an artificial line separating nations, dividing families, strangling freedom and imprisoning millions.\u00a0 The Wall\u2019s dismantling had done more than free the captive nations of the Warsaw Pact.\u00a0 It had unleashed the hopes and dreams of millions living under the Soviet Union\u2019s tyranny.\u00a0 But if the past was honestly evaluated, the present remained bittersweet.\u00a0 The vision of a whole, free and peaceful Europe was not yet accomplished.<\/p>\n

Like Germany a generation ago, Georgia was today a nation with a deep wound running through it, he said.\u00a0 A wall had cut off one fifth of Georgia\u2019s territory, mocking the progress made in Berlin 20 years ago.\u00a0 A year ago, Georgia had been invaded by tanks, warplanes, warships and State-directed hackers.\u00a0 Hundreds of people had been killed or wounded, while tens of thousands of innocent civilians had been forced to flee in the face of ethnic cleansing that had been well documented by independent human rights organizations.\u00a0 Those acts of brutality had gone unaddressed in direct contravention of international law, United Nations norms and internationally signed document designed to reverse such wrongs, he said.\u00a0 \u201cIndeed, those who unleashed war in Georgia said in this very Hall yesterday that they had to do it to implement the principle of indivisibility of security\u201d in order to \u201cstep over the legacy of the past era\u201d.<\/p>\n

But the people of Georgia could not and would not accept a new dividing line across their country, nor was it a matter for Georgia alone, he stressed.\u00a0 It was a threat to the values of the Organization.\u00a0 Georgia did not expect the wall to disappear overnight.\u00a0 It understood the need for patience.\u00a0 History suggested that patience should not be passive, and for a wall to fall, actions must be taken to hasten its demise.\u00a0 To that end, he thanked the nations that had resisted illegality, pressure and in many cases attempts at bribery, to recognize the Georgian territories now occupied by a foreign force.<\/p>\n

He said the Georgian people had regrouped and were making real process on the path of peace, freedom and individual liberty.\u00a0 Young children living in refugee camps outside Tbilisi symbolized the path Georgia had taken after the invasion in their unstoppable pursuit of a normal life and education.\u00a0 The Government was also following through on its promises to strengthen democracy, foster pluralism and expand individual liberties.\u00a0 Three months of opposition protest had been allowed to proceed unhindered, and opposition parties had been brought into meetings of the national security council.\u00a0 Commitments had been made to the direct election of mayors in 2010 and new electoral rules were being drafted on a consensus basis for the next local and parliamentary elections.<\/p>\n

Georgia\u2019s biggest imperative was to continue to integrate all different groups into social life, he said.\u00a0 It was also necessary to create more employment and recover from the economic crisis of the last year.\u00a0 Georgia had just been named as the eleventh most attractive country for doing business, rising from 122nd\u00a0place only a few years ago.\u00a0 Clearly, it had not withered in the face of invasion, nor reduced freedom in the face of recession.\u00a0 Indeed, it continued to contribute to the common goals established by the international community, even in the face o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

General Debate of the 64th Session (2009) Turkey H.E. Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, Prime Minister 24 September 2009 Statement summaryTAYYIP Erdo\u011fan, Prime Minister of Turkey, said that in order to overcome the world\u2019s multiple problems, a trust-oriented, diverse, fair and inclusive global order was necessary.\u00a0 \u201cThe global problems of our age necessitate global scale solutions.\u201d\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":179182,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[783],"tags":[156],"class_list":["post-14975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ukraine-eastern-europe-english","tag-un"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14975"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14975\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/179182"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishnews.com\/en\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}