Tag: NATO

Market Order Under the Mask of an Alliance

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), since its establishment in 1949, has defined itself as a defense oriented alliance aimed at ensuring the common security of its member states. This structure, positioned as a counterbalance to the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War era, was forced to reproduce its reason for existence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It is precisely at this point that the thesis gains strength: NATO has shed its military defense identity and transformed into the largest global arms marketing apparatus of American capital. The fundamental argument of this article is that today’s NATO is not, in essence, a security alliance but a Pentagon centered arms fair and an unlimited customer pool for the monopolies of the American defense industry.

The process that began with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 is the most concrete proof of this transformation. European countries have been trapped in a climate of fear by the “Russian threat” narrative constantly pumped out by Atlantic centered media and political elites, and within this atmosphere of fear, they have been directed to multiply their defense budgets. The sole and constant winner of the military aid exceeding 70 billion dollars channeled to Ukraine and the billions of dollars in orders placed by European countries with the US to replenish their own weapons stockpiles has been the American arms trusts. European peoples, meanwhile, are paying the bill for this arms race through shrinking social spending, rising inflation, and collapsing welfare systems.

The Power Dependency of Atlantic Elites and the Production of Anti Russia Sentiment

This attitude of political elites in European capitals who defend NATO and the Atlantic alliance unquestioningly stems not from strategic foresight but from the structural dependency of their power. The existing political order in Europe relies heavily on Washington’s economic, intelligence, and diplomatic support. This dependency relationship leads the elites in question to place their responsibilities to their own people on the back burner and to present the interests of the US as if they were Europe’s interests.

Anti Russia sentiment is the most effective ideological apparatus of this dependency structure. European public opinion is constantly presented with a threat narrative suggesting that Russia is ready and waiting to attack the Baltic states, Poland, or other parts of Eastern Europe. Yet, a rational geopolitical analysis clearly shows that a Russia bound to Europe through energy dependency and economic integration would find it against its own interests to drag the continent into a full scale war. Russia’s intervention in Ukraine is not an unprovoked act of aggression but a result of NATO’s years long policy of eastward expansion, attempts to turn Ukraine into a forward base, and the systematic disregard of Russia’s national security concerns.

Europe’s elites are not telling their people the following simple truth: enmity with Russia rebounds on Europe as an energy crisis, economic stagnation, and social unrest. The sole mutual winner of this enmity is the American arms monopolies, whose order books swell and stocks soar with every crisis. Giant corporations like Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, and Boeing have multiplied their market value since the start of the Ukraine war, pushing their production capacities to the limit with new orders received from European countries. This picture is the clearest proof that NATO is not a security alliance but a permanent arms fair organized for these companies.

The Ukraine Equation: The Real Winner is the US Arms Industry

The war in Ukraine serves as a case study that exposes NATO’s true function. The total value of military aid provided to Ukraine by the US and its European allies since the beginning of the conflict has exceeded 70 billion dollars. The bulk of this sum consists of transfers made directly from US weapons stockpiles or emergency procurement purchases from American companies. European countries, in turn, turn to the US again to replace the weapons they sent to Ukraine from their own stocks, thus trapping themselves in a double edged dependency spiral.

The new military procurement agreements exceeding 50 billion dollars announced at the latest NATO summit held in Ankara are a new link in this spiral. The commitment by European allies and Canada to increase defense investments by more than 139 billion dollars is presented ostensibly as “burden sharing,” but in essence, it means a colossal financing package to be transferred to the American arms industry. Taxes collected from European peoples are being cut from social security systems, health spending, and education budgets and channeled directly to the arms companies that function as the civilian extension of the Pentagon.

The crucial question that needs to be asked at this point is: Who brought Ukraine to this point? The encouragement of the pro Western coup in Ukraine in 2014, the subsequent emboldening of the Kyiv administration with promises of NATO membership, the suggestions not to implement the Minsk agreements are all parts of the strategy to encircle Russia in a security ring. The primary culprit for the heavy price paid today by the Ukrainian people, the economic collapse experienced by Europe, and the tension on the continent is the Atlantic centered strategic mind that orchestrated these provocative policies. And this same mind is now profiting from the same crisis by selling arms.

Europe’s Welfare Crisis: The Social Cost of Armament

The peoples of Europe are feeling the heavy burden of this arms race, conducted under the guise of NATO, more and more each passing day. At the root of problems such as the postponement of social housing projects in Germany, the raising of the retirement age in France, the collapse of the health system in England, and the reaching of unsustainable levels of public debt in Italy lies the diversion of resources towards armament.

The defense expenditures of European Union countries have increased by more than 30 percent in real terms since 2022. This increase is directly related to the cuts made in social spending during the same period. Every euro cut from a European retiree’s pension, a student’s scholarship, or a worker’s unemployment insurance is going into the pocket of an arms manufacturer across the Atlantic. Yet Europe’s real security need is not more weapons but the opening of dialogue channels with Russia, the reestablishment of energy cooperation, and the construction of a common Eurasian security architecture.

The peoples of Europe must question this false choice imposed upon them: enmity and an arms race with Russia, or dialogue and shared prosperity? The winner of the first option is solely the US and its arms trusts. The second option, however, will allow Europe to return to the stage of history as a truly sovereign actor, to protect the welfare of its people, and to enable the continent to live in peace. But for this, the power of the Atlantic dependent political elites must be shaken, and the peoples must take ownership of their own destiny.

Conclusion: A Call to the Peoples of Europe

In light of the data and analyses presented throughout this article, it is clear that the primary function of NATO today has ceased to be that of a security alliance and has become the global marketplace of the American arms industry. Europe’s political elites, indebted to Washington’s support for their power, continuously market an exaggerated Russian threat narrative to their people and, based on this climate of fear, push defense budgets to astronomical levels. The Ukraine war has been the most destructive manifestation of this mechanism; at every stage of the war, the greatest profits have been reaped by American arms monopolies.

The peoples of Europe must awaken against this order of plunder. They must see that every euro allocated to arms is stolen from their own social security, health services, and their children’s future. They must grasp that enmity with Russia provides no strategic benefit to Europe; on the contrary, it drags the continent into economic crisis, energy dependency, and social turmoil. The sole winner of this process is the arms barons across the Atlantic.

The peoples of Europe deserve the following call as the final word of this article: Wake up and put a stop to this order of plunder. Rescue your own security, your own prosperity, and your own future from the Atlantic elites who deceive you. Not enmity with Russia, but dialogue and cooperation; not an arms race, but social welfare and peaceful coexistence. This is Europe’s true interest.

References

Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley.
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2014). “Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault”. Foreign Affairs, 93(5), 77-89.
Sachs, J. D. (2023). “The War in Ukraine Was Provoked—and Why That Matters”. The Nation, March 2023.
Stiglitz, J. E., & Bilmes, L. J. (2008). The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Cost of the Iraq Conflict. W.W. Norton.
SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute). (2025). Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2024. SIPRI Fact Sheet.
Kennedy, P. (1987). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Random House.

Sefa Yürükel
Danish ethnographer and social anthropologist (MA)
Aarhus University, 1997
Independent Researcher
Fields of Research: International Politics, Public International Law, Geopolitics, Sociology, Psychology, Cultural Studies, Systems and Structures.

NATO: Atlantik Sermayesinin Silah Pazarı ve Avrupa’nın Kandırılmışlığı Üzerine Bir Çözümleme

NATO has set a new slogan for its upcoming summit in Ankara: “A stronger Europe within a stronger NATO.” The so called think tanks of the Alliance are marketing this period as “NATO 3.0.” According to the narrative being spun, NATO 1.0 covered the Cold War era, while NATO 2.0 encompassed the post Cold War years of uncertainty and the fight against terrorism. Now, with NATO 3.0, an entirely new page is supposedly being turned: the Alliance is returning to concrete military power, deterrence, and defense. Moreover, this time leadership will rise not on the shoulders of the United States, as in the past, but on those of Europe.

This narrative might sound like a clean beginning. But you cannot cleanse a bloody past simply by updating the version number. NATO 3.0 is, in essence, nothing more than a new model of the same war machine, this time with European actors taking the wheel. And the real question is this: Will an alliance that has a zero percent success rate in bringing peace to the world, and has instead been the primary architect of war, destruction, and bloodshed for decades, suddenly transform into a dove of peace under European leadership? Or does this mean that Europe, instead of forging its own independent military identity, is deceiving itself by inheriting the same filthy legacy and dragging the world toward new catastrophes?

The Relentless War Machine of NATO 1.0 and 2.0

The track records of NATO’s two previous versions provide a more than clear answer to this question. NATO 1.0 was a structure that kept the world on the brink of nuclear catastrophe throughout the Cold War, fueled the arms race, and was the primary actor in all the proxy wars of the bipolar world. NATO 2.0, on the other hand, did not waste time after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in finding an existential enemy for itself. Hiding behind polished concepts like the “fight against terrorism,” “crisis management,” and “humanitarian intervention,” it embarked on the most destructive and unaccountable military adventures in history. The 78 day bombing of Yugoslavia, the 20 year occupation of Afghanistan and its abandonment to chaos, and the bombing and fragmentation of Libya under the guise of a “humanitarian intervention” that dragged it into a civil war quagmire are all products of this era. In these operations, tens of thousands of civilians lost their lives, millions were displaced from their homes, and the infrastructure of entire countries was collapsed. Wherever NATO touched, it was not peace that blossomed, but death and destruction.

And now, NATO 3.0, which attempts to sit atop this record with its emphasis on a “return to defense” and “deterrence,” is light years away from sincerity. Whom will you deter? Against whom will you defend? The answer to these questions remains the same old imperialist geopolitical objectives, the same strategy of “encircling Eurasia,” and the same ambition to control energy resources.

The Senile Alliance and the Bitter Truth of the Ukraine Crisis

NATO’s current state has become most visible in the Ukraine crisis. The strategic impotence of NATO in the face of Russia’s steps in Eurasia has declared to the entire world that the Alliance is no longer the absolute power it once was, and that it has grown senile both militarily and politically. The situation in Ukraine is a direct result of NATO’s decades long policy of expansion. Despite the promise made at the end of the Cold War “not to expand one inch eastward,” NATO has pushed right up to Russia’s borders by incorporating a total of 14 countries since 1999. This expansion was not a defensive reflex but part of an aggressive strategy of encirclement. The prospect of Ukraine being added to this chain of encirclement became the final straw that broke the camel’s back.

However, things did not unfold as NATO and the US had planned. Russia did not collapse despite economic sanctions; on the contrary, the sanctions left the European economy facing an energy crisis, inflation, and stagnation. The hundreds of billions of dollars in military aid poured into Ukraine under US leadership could neither deliver a decisive victory on the front lines nor force Russia to the negotiating table. NATO could not intervene directly on the ground because it knew this would lead to a world war. It could not project power from the air because it faced the risk of heavy losses against Russian air defense systems. The economic sanctions, contrary to expectations, shook the Russian economy less than anticipated, while leaving Europe facing the danger of deindustrialization.

This picture proves that the new rhetoric called NATO 3.0 is not a show of strength but a confession of weakness. The US gradually pushing the initiative toward Europe in the face of this crisis is not strategic foresight, but a panicked scramble to salvage goods from a sinking ship. Washington, while floundering in the Ukrainian quagmire, wants to focus on China, which it sees as its primary geopolitical rival. For this reason, it is sending Europe the message: “Now handle your own security; we will focus on the Pacific.” Europe, by willingly jumping onto this ship abandoned by its captain, is about to throw itself into the arms of a suicide mission that will drag it back into a quagmire, rather than seizing the historic opportunity to build its own independent defense identity.

“A Stronger Europe Within a Stronger NATO”: An Oxymoronic Slogan

The slogan of the Ankara summit, “A stronger Europe within a stronger NATO,” is a linguistic oxymoron. Because a strong Europe within NATO is not possible; NATO’s very reason for being is built upon Europe’s dependency on the United States. NATO’s integrated military structure, command echelons, intelligence networks, and weapons systems have structured European armies to be unable to act without Washington. Under the guise of “standardization,” European armies have been condemned to American weapon systems, and the continent’s defense industry has largely been turned into subsidiaries of US firms. The Supreme Allied Commander of NATO is always an American general. Within this structure, the “strengthening” of Europe means, at best, lightening the load on the United States and refueling the same dirty war machine.

This role carved out for Europe is historically familiar. Throughout the Cold War, Europe was the US’s forward outpost, a buffer zone against the Soviets, and a colossal market for the American arms industry. What is now being promised to Europe with NATO 3.0 is nothing more than a “reinforced” version of the same role. When the US, in the driver’s seat, gets tired, handing the wheel over to Europe for a while, but with Washington still setting the roadmap and destination point… This is the essence of NATO 3.0.

This dependency is reinforced by divisions within Europe itself. From Hungary to Slovakia, from eastern Germany to northern Italy, the rising sovereignist and pro peace political movements oppose the current trajectory of NATO and the EU. French President Macron’s occasional rhetoric of “strategic autonomy” is precisely a reaction against this dependency. Yet the NATO 3.0 narrative is a deception designed to absorb this demand for autonomy, neutralizing it by reducing it to a revision within NATO. Europe’s genuine strengthening is possible not within NATO, but by leaving it.

The Real Solution: An Independent European Army and a New Security Architecture in Eurasia

The true path to peace lies in Europe building a genuinely defensive security architecture, completely independent of the geopolitical ambitions of the United States and focused on the defense of its own continent. The military leg of this architecture must be an “Independent European Army.” This army must reject NATO’s dirty legacy and act not according to orders from across the Atlantic, but according to the will of the European peoples for peace, prosperity, and sovereignty.

An independent European Army will also simultaneously pave the way for a brand new ground for dialogue and cooperation in Eurasia. The greatest missed opportunity since the end of the Cold War has been the failure to establish a common and indivisible security architecture stretching from Vancouver to Vladivostok. The biggest obstacle to this has been the continued existence and expansion of NATO. Europe’s withdrawal from NATO and the formation of an independent security identity will allow for the establishment of a new equation of trust with Russia. This will be a breath of fresh air and peace not only for continental Europe but for the entire Eurasian geography, from Turkey to China and from India to Iran.

From Turkey’s perspective, the situation is no different. Turkey has been a member of NATO since 1952, and this membership has not brought security to the country; on the contrary, it has subjected it to countless coups, terrorist attacks, embargoes, and encirclements. NATO’s Ankara summit is an attempt to sweep this bitter truth under the rug. Yet what Turkey needs is not NATO 3.0, but to ensure its own security through sovereign decisions with a fully independent, multidimensional, and peaceful foreign policy.

Conclusion: Not a New Gimmick, but a Radical Break is Essential

This new makeup called NATO 3.0 is inviting one of the greatest delusions in history. Changing the murderer’s name does not make him innocent. Europe taking the wheel will yield no other result than the same war machine causing new catastrophes on new roads. Moreover, this time, Europe will not only be doing the dirty work of the United States but will also pay the price directly with its own economy, its own peoples, and its own future.

What the world needs is not new versions of NATO, but the complete elimination of this bloody alliance. What Europe needs is not a so called strengthening within NATO, but a fully independent defense identity. What Eurasia needs is not encirclement and containment strategies, but common security and cooperation mechanisms. What Turkey needs is not a new model of NATO, but a fully independent foreign policy based on the principle of “Peace at Home, Peace in the World” as pointed out by Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

True courage lies not in pulling new tricks to keep this bloody alliance alive, but in sending it to the dustbin of history and building a brand new, peaceful understanding of security. There will be no NATO 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0. There should not be. If there is, it will only herald new wars, new destructions, and new humanitarian tragedies.

Bibliography

· Daniele Ganser, NATO’s Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, trans. G. Karadağ, Destek Yayınları, 2012.
· Human Rights Watch, Civilian Deaths in the NATO Air Campaign, 2000.
· United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) reports; Médecins Sans Frontières, Kunduz Hospital Attack Investigation Report, 2015.
· Amnesty International, Libya: The Forgotten War, 2015.
· Official speeches of Condoleezza Rice between 2003 and 2006 and US State Department archives.
· Ralph Peters, “Blood Borders”, Armed Forces Journal, 2006.
· Assessments on the Ukraine crisis and NATO’s strategic position: John Mearsheimer, “Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault”, Foreign Affairs, 2014.
· Richard Sakwa, Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands, I.B. Tauris, 2015.
· On NATO’s eastward expansion process and its effects: Mary Elise Sarotte, Not One Inch: America, Russia, and the Making of Post Cold War Stalemate, Yale University Press, 2021.
· On US hegemony and the role of NATO: Michael J. Hogan, The Marshall Plan: America, Britain and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952, Cambridge University Press, 1987.
· On Europe’s strategic autonomy debates: Reports of the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and speeches by French President Emmanuel Macron from the 2017 to 2024 period.
· On NATO’s historical transformation: Lawrence S. Kaplan, NATO 1948: The Birth of the Transatlantic Alliance, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.
· On Turkey’s NATO membership and its effects: Mehmet Ali Birand, 12 Eylül: Türkiye’nin Miladı, Doğan Kitap; Uğur Mumcu, Rabıta and Kürt İslam Ayaklanması, um:ag Yayınları.
· On Atatürk’s principle of “Peace at Home, Peace in the World” and policy of full independence: Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk (1919-1927).

Sefa Yürükel
Danish ethnographer and social anthropologist (MA)
Aarhus University, 1997
Independent Researcher
Fields of Research: International Politics, Public International Law, Geopolitics, Sociology, Psychology, Cultural Studies, Systems and Structures.

NATO 3.0: KANLI MAZİYE BEYAZ SAYFA MI, YOKSA AYNI SAVAŞ MAKİNESİNE AVRUPA KOKTEYLİ Mİ?

The international system finds itself on the brink of a structural transformation at the end of the first quarter of the twenty-first century. The American-centric unipolar order of the post-Cold War era is giving way to a structure characterized by the pluralization of power centers, complex interdependencies, and intertwined strategic rivalries. In this new conjuncture, a world squeezed between the rising authoritarian capitalism models of the Eurasian landmass and the liberal democratic core of the transatlantic alliance needs an autonomous and rational balancing element more than ever, one that belongs neither entirely to the Atlantic camp nor to the rising powers of Eurasia. This article defends the thesis that this balancing actor must be an independent Europe possessing strategic autonomy, and puts forward the argument that the most capable candidates to undertake the locomotive role for this mission are the Scandinavian and Benelux countries. The Scandinavian bloc, consisting of Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and Norway, along with the Benelux group, comprising the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, possess the potential to form the core of this new European architecture through their historical heritage, normative power, and economic resilience.

Conceptual Framework: Normative Power and Strategic Autonomy

The role of the European Union (EU) in the international system has long been explained through the concept of “normative power.” According to this approach, the EU possesses the ability to shape global politics through the diffusion of norms and values rather than through military capacity. However, the recent war in Ukraine, the energy crisis, and disruptions in supply chains have demonstrated that normative power alone is insufficient and must be reinforced by “strategic autonomy.” Strategic autonomy refers to Europe’s capacity to determine its own security and defense policies, reduce its economic dependencies, and address vulnerabilities in global supply chains. This article proposes a synthesis of these two concepts and argues that preserving its normative power while simultaneously building its strategic autonomy will render Europe a credible third pole between the USA and the Eurasian powers.

Historical Heritage and Institutional Competence

The Scandinavian and Benelux countries possess a unique historical heritage and institutional accumulation capable of bringing this synthesis to life. The common characteristic of these eight countries is that they have built a foreign policy tradition based on international law, a culture of consensus, and multilateral cooperation, rather than on the expansionist geopolitical ambitions associated with being a great power.

The Benelux countries are the laboratory and founding core of European integration. The economic integration process initiated by the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg in the aftermath of the Second World War constituted the cornerstone of today’s European Union. These countries possess the continent’s most deeply rooted experience in the transfer of sovereignty and transnational governance. In particular, the international legal infrastructure centered in The Hague in the Netherlands, the multilingual and multicultural consensus model of Belgium, and the success of Luxembourg in small-state diplomacy are capable of forming the diplomatic backbone of an independent Europe.

The Scandinavian countries, meanwhile, are global reference points in the fields of the welfare state model, social solidarity, and conflict resolution. Norway has played a central role in numerous critical mediation efforts, from the Oslo peace process to the cessation of the civil war in Colombia. With the balance of neutrality and engagement it developed during the Cold War period, Finland provided a model for small states caught between great powers, and it continues to maintain this strategic wisdom following its NATO membership. Sweden stands out for its pioneering role in humanitarian diplomacy and disarmament, while Denmark distinguishes itself as a courageous defender of European solidarity in times of crisis. Iceland adds geostrategic depth to this community with its strategic position in the North Atlantic and its pioneering role in sustainable energy. This shared heritage makes it possible for a Europe built under the leadership of these eight countries to become not merely an economic bloc but also a global center of conscience and reason.

Economic Independence: Building a New Welfare Model

The fundamental prerequisite for an independent Europe is the reinforcement of economic sovereignty. The pandemic and the war in Ukraine have clearly exposed the vulnerabilities created by Europe’s external dependency in energy, raw materials, and strategic technologies. This dependency inevitably constrains political decision-making processes. A Europe that is economically dependent cannot possibly act as a fully autonomous actor in the context of the United States’ rivalry with China.

The Scandinavian and Benelux countries possess more than sufficient capacity to serve as the engines of this economic transformation. Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland are world leaders in clean energy technologies such as wind energy, hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, and green hydrogen. Finland contributes to Europe’s competitive strength through its excellence in educational technologies, digital innovation, and the circular economy. On the Benelux front, the Netherlands and Belgium host Europe’s largest logistics centers and undertake pioneering roles in circular agriculture and smart urbanization projects. Luxembourg has become a global hub for green financing and sustainable investment funds. A “North Sea Energy Grid” and a “European Digital Sovereignty Network,” implemented under the leadership of these eight countries, are concrete projects that can reduce the continent’s energy and technology dependency.

The most distinctive feature of this economic model is its potential to combine competitiveness with social justice. The synthesis of the “competitive welfare state” approach of Sweden and Denmark with the free trade tradition of the Netherlands and Belgium offers a unique development paradigm that targets both social cohesion internally and global competitive strength externally. This model promises a third way based on sustainability and inclusivity, distinct from the cheap-labor-based production capitalism of Asia and the financialized market model of the United States.

Peace and Security: Europe as a Diplomatic Superpower

Europe’s security architecture has historically been built upon NATO and the transatlantic alliance. While this alliance remains the foundation of European security, it is a strategic imperative for the continent to assume ultimate responsibility for its own security and to become not merely the European pillar of a military pact but also a diplomatic superpower. In an era of rising tensions across Eurasia, cyber warfare, disinformation campaigns, and hybrid threats, Europe’s northern flank holds vital geostrategic importance.

The long land borders of Finland and Norway with Russia, and these countries’ expertise on Russia, are indispensable for Europe’s threat perception towards the East and its deterrence strategies. The military presence of Sweden and Denmark in the Baltic Sea constitutes a guarantee of regional maritime security. Iceland holds a key role in monitoring Russian submarine activity in the North Atlantic through its strategic position in the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap. The defense cooperation among these five countries is progressively deepening within the NORDEFCO framework and presents a model of Scandinavian defense integration.

In parallel, the international law tradition of the Netherlands, embodied in The Hague and hosting institutions such as the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court, constitutes the institutional infrastructure of Europe’s normative power. The multilateral diplomatic environment in Brussels, where Belgium hosts NATO and EU institutions, and the role assumed by Luxembourg as a facilitator of European defense funds complete the diplomatic pillar of this security architecture. An independent Europe must be not an automatic ally in the United States’ rivalry with China but a center of strategic reason. The capacity to say “no” to its transatlantic ally when necessary will render it a more valuable and respected partner. Similarly, it must be able to conduct clear and principled negotiations with Beijing on issues of human rights, intellectual property rights, and rules-based trade.

The Vanguard Coalition and the Dissemination of the Mission

The success of the model proposed in this article depends on Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg forming a “vanguard coalition” and taking more courageous and coordinated steps within Europe and on the global stage. The mechanisms of differentiated integration and enhanced cooperation within the current structure of the European Union provide the legal basis for such a pioneering group to take action. This group of eight can initiate concrete projects such as the expansion of qualified majority voting mechanisms, the augmentation of a common European defense fund, the construction of a North Sea offshore wind energy grid, and the establishment of a Europe-wide digital sovereignty cloud infrastructure.

It is essential that this mission be disseminated across the entire continent with an inclusive, rather than exclusive, vision. Major continental states such as Germany and France are integral parts of this structure; however, the spirit and guiding energy of the mission must not be trapped in the historical conflicts of interest and bureaucratic inertia of the large states. The tradition of small and medium-sized state diplomacy held by the Scandinavian and Benelux countries allows them to exhibit agile and effective leadership without falling into this trap.

Conclusion

The international system can sustain its existence neither under the hegemony of a single superpower in stable peace nor by drifting into the chaotic rivalry of an unregulated multipolarity. What the world needs is a rational, just, and rules-based middle way, an element of balance and a bridge. This middle way is an independent Europe, rising as a strategic balancer between Eurasia and the USA, led by the Scandinavian and Benelux countries, which has fortified its normative power with strategic autonomy. History has entrusted these modest geographies with a great responsibility on behalf of the common future of humanity. The courageous assumption of this responsibility by Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, and their rallying around a common vision, is a historical imperative for the well-being not only of Europe but of the entire international community.

Bibliography

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Stubb, A. & Korkman, S. (2022). The Future of the European Union: A Federal Model for a Geopolitical Europe. Brussels: European Policy Centre.

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Sefa Yürükel
Danish ethnographer and social anthropologist (MA)
Aarhus University, 1997
Independent Researcher
Fields of Research: International Politics, Public International Law, Geopolitics, Sociology, Psychology, Cultural Studies, Systems and Structures.

Avrasya ile ABD Arasında Stratejik Dengeleyici Olarak Bağımsız Bir Avrupa: İskandinavya ve Benelüks Ülkelerinin Öncü Rolü Üzerine Bir Analiz

The Chasm Between Reality on the Ground and Calculation in the Palace

The institutionalized relations of the Republic of Turkey with the Western alliance began as a strategic necessity with its entry into NATO in 1952, and throughout the Cold War, the country functioned as an outpost on the alliance’s southern flank. However, this historical engagement has been dragged into an identity crisis and a strategic collapse with the monstrous foreign policy approach constructed by the AK Party since the early 2000s. This new vision, hidden behind pompous yet hollow concepts like “strategic depth,” is, in essence, nothing but a hypocritical pragmatism that consolidates its power domestically with a nationalist Islamist discourse while deepening its subjugation to Western power centers in foreign policy.

The crisis of trust that began with the 2003 Iraq parliamentary motion crisis, peaked with the July 15, 2016 coup attempt, the protection of the FETÖ ringleader in the US, the overt military support given to the PKK extension YPG in Syria, and the CAATSA sanctions imposed after the S 400 crisis, has led not to an awakening for the AK Party government, but to a deeper capitulation. Despite all these hostile policies, the government, far from severing its ties with the US and NATO, has entered a race to ingratiate itself with them.

The latest NATO Summit is the most concrete proof of this shameful picture. The summit has served not only as a demonstration of the decisions taken contrary to national interests but also as a declaration of how the “national and indigenous” fairy tale the AK Party government tells its own electorate has unraveled.

The NATO Summit: The Strategic Defeat Document Where the AK Party Squandered National Interests

This summit has gone down in history not as a diplomatic victory for Turkey, but as a debacle certifying how impotent and visionless the AK Party government is in foreign policy. The decisions adopted at the summit are blows struck against Turkey’s national security, and failing to object to these blows is directly equivalent to treason.

The Tyranny of Defense Spending and Economic Collapse: The 2% defense spending commitment imposed by the summit is nothing but a new penance exacted on the Turkish people, already groaning under the AK Party’s incompetent economic management. The government continues to channel this money to the US arms monopolies by cutting it from the nation’s bread and children’s education.

The Dagger Plunged into the Strategic Relationship with Russia: The relationship the government has built with Russia on sensitive balances, such as tourism, energy, and the Astana process to which it owes its presence in Syria, has been dynamited by the AK Party’s own hand with the summit declaration labeling Russia the “greatest threat.” This decision is the clearest evidence of the paralysis of reason in foreign policy and the eagerness to fall into the US’s trap.

Dangerous Tension with China: The Rejection of the Belt and Road: NATO declaring China a “systemic rival” for the first time is a bullet fired at Turkey’s Asia opening and the economic benefits it expects from the Belt and Road Initiative. By remaining silent on this decision, the government has once again sold the country’s alternative economic and political future in Eurasia for the sake of an Atlantic centered commitment.

Fake Fight Against Terror, Real Concession: Most egregiously, the PKK/YPG threat was not included in the summit declaration with the clarity Turkey demanded. The government, which shouts battle cries of “fighting terrorism” domestically, fell silent when it came to naming this organization at the NATO table. This is an overt concession given to the US on the most fundamental issue of national security. A terrorist organization that has been shedding the blood of Turkish soldiers for years and targeting our borders continued to be NATO’s indirect ally, and the AK Party government stood by and watched.

The Righteous Reaction Rising Against Failed Diplomacy

Criticisms directed at this failing record of the AK Party government are not political petulance by the opposition but a requirement of national interests.

The Squandering of Security and Hypocrisy Against Terror: The opposition’s harshest criticism is precisely at this point: In the name of currying favor with the US, the government could not even bring up a matter of survival like the fight against terrorism at NATO. This is proof that the “national and indigenous” rhetoric is an empty propaganda tool, and in reality, a political will under American patronage exists.

Silent Invasion in the Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean: The US’s military reinforcement of Greece, especially in Alexandroupoli, during the summit process is a direct challenge to the Blue Homeland doctrine and Turkey’s rights in the region. Not only has the AK Party government failed to resist this insidious expansion, it has not even undertaken any diplomatic initiative within NATO to block Greece’s maximalist demands. This is not protecting national interests but being complicit in their usurpation.

Discourse Action Disconnect on the Gaza Genocide: The government’s harshest “genocide” accusation and tough rhetoric used against Israel in domestic politics gave way to shameful silence at the NATO Summit. The recognition of Israel’s “right to self defense” in the declaration has shown that all of the AK Party’s stances on Palestine are merely election material and dissimulation aimed at lulling domestic public opinion.

Anti Democratic Imposition: The complete sidelining of the Turkish Grand National Assembly while all these decisions were being made is an indicator of how the one man regime has turned foreign policy into a black box. The taking of these vital decisions behind closed doors is a clear violation of the Constitution and democracy and an imposition by a government that has completely lost its legitimacy.

The Definitive Verdict of a Now Awakened Public Opinion: Unconditional Rejection of the US and NATO

Turkish public opinion, contrary to the political elites, clearly sees what is happening. All conducted research documents that the AK Party’s dance with the West has gone bankrupt in the eyes of society. An overwhelming majority of society views the US not merely as an ally but as the greatest threat to Turkey. The weapons given to the PKK/PYD, the protective attitude embracing FETÖ, and economic dependency are the main sources of this anger.

The perception of NATO is built upon a sense of having been deceived. The public does not see NATO as a framework that provides Turkey’s security, but on the contrary, as a platform where those threatening Turkey’s security gather. The increase in the proportion of those advocating for withdrawal from NATO is a reflection not of the government’s failed policies, but of society’s common sense. Society sees that what the government calls “multidirectional policy” is actually shallow balancing consisting solely of energy cooperation with Russia; it demands the construction of a genuinely multidirectional and independent foreign policy. This anti American and anti NATO sentiment, rising even within the AK Party’s own base, when combined with the document of surrender the government signed at the summit, heralds a societal anger ready to erupt.

Conclusion: Either an Independent Turkey or Atlantic Tutelage

The latest NATO Summit has been the confirmation of the AK Party government’s foreign policy bankruptcy and strategic inconsistency. The government, which tells a fairy tale of “standing firm” in domestic politics, has turned into the representative of an approach that grossly tramples on national interests in foreign policy. The choice before Turkey is clear: Either it will accept being a second class ally by fully submitting to NATO, which acts as the gendarmerie of US imperialism, or it will construct a genuinely independent, multicentric foreign policy based on national honor. The current government’s preference has, unfortunately, been for the first option. Turkey’s salvation from this quagmire will be possible only when a political will that listens to societal demands, is anti imperialist, and fully independent comes to power.

References

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Sefa Yürükel
Danish ethnographer and social anthropologist (MA)
Aarhus University, 1997
Independent Researcher
Fields of Research: International Politics, Public International Law, Geopolitics, Sociology, Psychology, Cultural Studies, Systems and Structures.

AK Parti İktidarının Dış Politika İkiyüzlülüğüne Toplumsal Başkaldırı: NATO Zirvesi’nde Türk Kamuoyunun ABD ve NATO’yu Reddi