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	<title>Turkish Forum &#187; Learn Turkish</title>
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		<title>The Güzel but Zor Turkish Language</title>
		<link>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/23/the-guzel-but-zor-turkish-language/</link>
		<comments>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/23/the-guzel-but-zor-turkish-language/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 23 Jul 2011 08:42:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aira</dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[Learn Turkish]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Editor&#8217;s Note: Happy to post the following travelogue from our well-traveled Senior Lutheran Correspondent Jon Pahl, whose book Empires of Sacrifice: The Religious Origins of American Violence, recently published by...]]></description>
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<div><em>Editor&#8217;s  Note: Happy to post the following travelogue from our well-traveled  Senior Lutheran Correspondent Jon Pahl, whose book Empires of Sacrifice:  The Religious Origins of American Violence, recently published by NYU  Press, </em><em><a href="http://usreligion.blogspot.com/2010/05/paradox-of-religion-and-violence-and.html">was the subject of discussion and an interview on our blog.</a></em></div>
<p><em>Over  the past several months Jon has been spanning the globe from Indonesia  to Turkey, perhaps still licking his wounds from the suffering I  administered to him on the basketball courts of Valparaiso, Indiana back  in the early 90s. He sends along the following reflections on his  experiences in Istanbul. This is a little bit off the usual topics for  our blog, but consider this some lazy summer blog reading, like a Calvin  Trillin essay in the New Yorker. </em></p>
<p>by Jon Pahl, in Istanbul</p>
<p><a href="http://www.turkishforum.com.tr/en/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/SAM_1511.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-38037" title="SAM_1511" src="http://www.turkishforum.com.tr/en/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/SAM_1511.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="768" /></a></p>
<p>In 1880, Mark Twain published an essay destined to be famous. “The Awful German Language,” in <em>A Tramp Abroad</em>, lampooned the difficulty Twain experienced learning German. It is very funny. I remember laughing out loud to the point of tears the first time I read it, at Regenstein Library of The University of Chicago.</p>
<p>Twain’s essay comes to mind because I have been living in Istanbul for two weeks trying to learn some Turkish.  In  Turkish, as in German, verbs come at the end of sentences, and word  order is generally reversed from English. This makes Turkish difficult (<em>zor</em>).  But the language is also beautiful (<em>güzel</em>).  Twain  hit more than a few ethnocentric notes in his piece, and it clearly  reflects, in retrospect, the stereotype that eventually became “the ugly  American.”   The essay’s humor mutes its  xenophobia, but “The Awful German Language” also reveals a moment in  time when America’s empire began to swing into power.</p>
<p>My  own take on Turkish, as a twenty-first century American, is quite  different from Twain’s take on German in the nineteenth century—and not  only because I lack his satirical gifts.  I am  studying the language as I begin research for an English language  biography of the influential but controversial Turkish imam Fethullah  Gülen.  My experience of the language invariably is filtered through my reading of Gülen’s Sufi-inspired thought.</p>
<p>Contemporary Turkish is a modern creation.  It  emerged along with the Republic in the early twentieth-century, and it  was a cornerstone in Ataturk’s attempt to unify (and imagine) a new  nation as the Ottoman Empire crumbled.  I have argued elsewhere (in a review of Orhan Pamuk’s <em>The Museum of Innocence</em>—see<em> </em>http://www.pubtheo.com/page.asp?pid=1548) that Turkey’s post-imperial reality offers many lessons for Americans.  Some  of the most profound of the things we might learn from Turkey may be  revealed in the structure and harmonies of the language.   I  make no claim that these structures are unique to Turkish, but they can  help me articulate six insights I have noted in the course of living  here in Istanbul for a brief stretch.</p>
<p>First, in Turkish, relationships trump subjective assertions.   Subjects and objects are juxtaposed in most sentences.  This  makes the relationship between subject and object primary, and the  action of an individual secondary. The subject of a sentence, such as  “I,” is often dropped completely and embedded within a verb.  For instance, take the verb <em>sevmek</em>, “to love.”  To say “I love you” one <em>can </em>say “Ben seni seviyorum” (literally, “I you love”).  But more frequently one would hear simply:  “Seni Seviyorum.”  Here, the “I” doing the loving is not the primary thing; the “I” is embedded within the love (as the ending, “um.”)   Despite  Atatürk’s attempt to extinguish Sufism in Turkey, I am willing to wager  that this linguistic structure reveals the deep influence of Sufi  Islam—historically important across Turkey.  For Sufis, the ego is illusion.  There is no “you and me,” but there are moments in time marked by relationships, and, ideally, by love.</p>
<p>Secondly,  there is a poetic rhythm to Turkish that reflects what I have taken to  calling “oral mimesis,” and in which I find a sign of the famous Turkish  hospitality that I have experienced on all four of my visits here.  The most evident form of this feature of Turkish is called “vowel harmony.”  Endings to adjectives and verbs that convey the nature of a relationship (like that “um” in <em>seviyor</em>) vary depending upon the last vowel in a word.  Thus,  to add an “I” to a transitive verb might mean adding um, im (eem), üm  (yewm), or ım (uhm), depending on the last verb preceding the ending.  I’m  barely beginning to figure this out after two weeks of study, but what  it produces is a rhyming quality to the language that means sounds  mirror each other.   Thus, for example, the adjective “güzel” takes “i” (pronounced like the long English “-e”) for its endings.  This means that if I wanted to say “You are beautiful” (something I’ve often thought here in Istanbul!) I might say:  “Sen güzelsin” (phonetically—“sen gew-sel-seen”).  I think that has a very nice ring to it.  Such oral (and aural) mimesis is common throughout the language, in manifold everyday exchanges and encounters.  It’s like a smile returning a smile, linguistically, and builds into ordinary language a verbal form of hospitality.</p>
<p>Thirdly, assigning of gender is not primary in Turkish.  Unlike in German, nouns don’t take genders, and the third person singular pronoun “o” can mean either “he, she, or it.”  I know that for some Turkish feminists there is a sense that masculine is the default gender.  For instance, Mustafa Kemal is honored with the name “Atatürk” (“Father of the Turks”).  There is not, so far as I know, a similar equivalent for women (the “Mother of the Turks?”)  But in the structure of the language, identity is grounded in something other than in gender.   This  lack of gender differentiation was clearly part of Atatürk’s  modernization project—which might explain in part why issues such as  veiling continue to be so contested in contemporary Turkish society, as  Pamuk’s novel <em>Snow</em> vividly explores.  One of my American Muslim students explained to me that she wore the <em>hijab </em>because “I want people to see me as a Muslim before they see me as a woman.”  But  in Turkey, wearing the veil has actually become an assertion of gender  differentiation—and hence, a counter-cultural statement.  The language, at least as I understand it so far, however, implies structural equality.</p>
<p>Fourthly,  Turkish operates by what one of my teachers (a Ukrainian named Tarkan)  called “mathematical logic,” but in which I see a military precision  that produces a guarded (if not conspiratorial) <em>mentalité</em> that competes with the hospitality I alluded to earlier.  My  brain hurts after three hours of Turkish class, not only because I have  little skill at mathematics, but also because the calculus is so  complex that my efforts to intuit “the answers” are frustrated by the  intensity of the process.   Such intensity, and a  less-than-transparent set of rules to govern it, marks one of the  challenges contemporary Turkey faces in its efforts to “democratize.”  The military is often described as the “guardian” of modern Turkey.  Some  people here are worried about how religion (notoriously NOT  mathematically precise) might undermine this custodial responsibility.   Whether a balance can be struck between the poetic intuitions and revelations of, say, <em>The Holy Qur’an</em>,  and the guarded, militarily precise structures that are embedded in  modern Turkish may hold the key to the most hotly debated questions in  the country today.  The optimistic answer is that the debates <em>are</em> underway.  But  recent imprisonments of military leaders and journalists, and recurrent  brutal (and covert) military coups over the course of the  twentieth-century, suggest that a balance between poetic trust and  military security will not be easy to achieve.  If,  however, Turkey effectively forges a new Constitution (as is proposed  under the current government), and if a way is found to welcome Turkey  into the European Union as its first majority Muslim nation, then the  case for Turkey as a model for the kind of societies that might emerge  from “the Muslim Spring” will surely be strengthened.</p>
<p>Fifth,  as the tension between hospitable and conspiratorial mentalities might  suggest, Turkish seems to me to embrace opposites in often paradoxical  ways.  As someone who has written a book with the word paradox in its title (<em>Paradox Lost</em>), I might rightly be accused on this point of reading something into the language that’s not there.  But I don’t think this is merely a projection.  In  a review session with another one of our beloved teachers, named Musa,  we spent nearly an hour tracing the various opposites we had learned  together over two weeks:  <em>burada-şurada</em>, “here-there;” <em>sıcak-soğuk</em>, “hot-cold;” <em>sol-sağ</em>, “left-right,” and so forth.</p>
<p>As it happens, in my spare time I’m reading a novel by the Turkish feminist author Elif Shafak.  The book is entitled <em>The Forty Rules of Love:  A Novel of Rumi. </em>It’s a fabulous read.  The  evening after our review of opposites in the classroom, I came across  the following passage, which Shafak places in the mouth of Rumi, the 13<sup>th</sup> century Sufi: “’God created suffering so that joy might appear through its opposite,’ Rumi said.  ‘Things become manifest through opposites.  Since God has no opposite, He remains hidden.’”  Here,  the “natural” human tendency to frame opposites (joy-suffering,  friend-enemy, Christian-Muslim) gives way to a Turkish Sufi tendency to  transcend them.</p>
<p>For one last way to clarify this point, consider the poem <em>Bedava</em>, by the early twentieth-century Istanbul poet Orhan Veli.   I  was taught the poem by a group of Polish students who were studying  with me (our class is a veritable United Nations—with students from  Italy, Spain, Nigeria, Kenya, Cameroon, Syria, Singapore, Serbia, and  Poland—among others).  Everyone I’ve asked in Istanbul knows <em>Bedava</em>, including the cleaning ladies in my hotel.  I’ll include the Turkish first, then offer a translation:</p>
<p><em>Bedava yaşıyoruz, bedava; </em></p>
<p><em> Hava bedava, bulut bedava;<br />
Dere tepe bedava;<br />
Yağmur çamur bedava;<br />
Otomobillerin dışı,<br />
Sinamaların kapısı,<br />
Camekânlar bedava;<br />
Peynir ekmek değil ama<br />
Acı su bedava;<br />
Kelle fiyatına hürriyet,<br />
Esirlik bedava;<br />
Bedava yaşıyoruz, bedava.</em></p>
<p>For free we live, for free;<br />
The air is for free, the clouds are for free;<br />
Valleys and hills for free;<br />
The rain, the mud, for free;<br />
The outside of cars,<br />
The doors of the cinemas<br />
The shop windows for free;<br />
Bread and butter aren&#8217;t free but still water is for free;<br />
Freedom can cost your head,<br />
Imprisoned for free;<br />
For free we live, for free.</p>
<p>The lines just before the end are the paradoxical kicker.  What seems to be a nice, romantic ode to the cliché that “the best things in life are free” in fact embraces a somber warning.  Freedom might cost us our “heads.”  We could be imprisoned, “for free.”  The  affirmations of the opening lines gradually give way, as modern  consumerism and (implicitly) the State takeover, to a fatalistic  prospect that is only redeemed with hope in the last line.</p>
<p><em>Bedava</em>, then, does not simply mean “freedom” in a political sense (the Turkish word for that is <em>Hürriyet</em>).  And, in the context of the poem, I am tempted to translate <em>Bedava </em>as something like “bound free,” “captive free,” or a similar paradox.  It  is this conjunction of hope and fatalism that I find intriguing and  promising both in the structure of the language, and in Turkish culture.</p>
<p>Finally,  then, what I have learned so far is that Turkey might be a budding  model of the post-modern reconciliation of secularity and religion.  It  is too simple to call this simply “Sufism;” Turkey’s economic growth of  11% in the last quarter depended on some quite secular practices.  Yet the practices of <em>hizmet</em> (service) among those inspired by Fethullah Gülen bridge secular and sacred modes of life.  For  example, Turks inspired by Gülen have built schools in more than eighty  countries, including in some of the poorest places on earth.  These  schools follow the secular curricula of their host countries and  embrace both scientific education and interreligious dialogue (I have  visited such schools in Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America).   What we’re dealing with here is Greg Mortensen’s <em>Thirty Cups of Tea</em> without the administrative incompetence (<em>and</em> without the publisher’s marketing budget).  Such  a capacity to juxtapose secularity and spirituality—perhaps woven into  the very fabric of contemporary Turkish language and culture—is an  important if not vital lesson for Americans, and probably for many  others around the world.</p>
<p>One last set of experiences might clarify the possibilities.  Not far from the hotel where I am staying in the borough of Şişli is the local shopping mall—Istanbul Cevahir.  Naturally, given my earlier work on malls as modern “sacred places,” I had to visit.  When I did, I found what I expected:  a  fountain out front; trees, a bright skylight, and neon inside; and a  six-story labyrinthine design with two levels of food courts that  quickly got me lost.  My disorientation triggered the desire to acquire that malls exist to inspire wherever they are built.  I spent way more than I expected in the bookstore.</p>
<p>And yet, barely a block away from the Cevahir is the Şişli Cami (mosque).  It’s a lovely, serene place—in stark contrast to the mall.  When  I attended early afternoon prayer last Sunday (since my plans to attend  a local church fell through), well over a hundred brothers  participated.  As is customary, we washed at the ablution fountain just outside the mosque, and removed our shoes to go inside.  After  the prayer ended, I walked out into the mosque courtyard where as I  wandered about I noticed a casket shrouded in black cloth laying on a  table under a canopy.   I had stumbled onto a funeral.  Gradually men gathered in lines under the canopy; women stood behind.  We were still; silent in respect for one who had died.  After a few minutes, and a few prayers, people began to drift away, and I joined them.</p>
<p>The  coexistence of these two places—of bumptious commerce that invites  unlimited desire and quiet prayer that acknowledges the limit of  death—signals a juxtaposition of the secular and sacred that all humans  struggle to negotiate.  How these two places co-exist in Istanbul became somewhat clearer to me one day last week.  After our three hour morning class, with my brain still throbbing, I set out for Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia).  As  I walked through the massive gates, onto the ancient stone floors,  under the stunning dome, I imagined the prayers of my ancestors in the  Christian faith rising like incense for well over a millennium in this  very spot.</p>
<p>Then, that night I attended a concert at Istanbul Open Air Theater.  This performance space is built like a Roman amphitheater into the side of a hill, with a lovely view over the Bosphorus.  It was a beautiful night with almost a full moon.  The  concert was sold out, and I couldn’t afford tickets anyway, so I stood  on a terrace with a great view overlooking the theater, for free.  I could hear fine.  I  was joined by the four Polish students from my class, and there we met a  fascinating architect and Istanbul resident who described himself as a  pagan Communist Muslim environmentalist.</p>
<p>The  evening’s concert—part of the 2011 Istanbul Jazz Festival&#8211;culminated  in a 90 minute set by Natalie Cole, who sang one of my favorite songs:  “This Will Be.”  By  then, I was in the theater—having walked in, for free, and under the  guidance of my new friend, to a seat about 20 rows from the front.  I  sang along with Natalie Cole, as did many of the three thousand who  were in attendance, perhaps in a language they understood no more than I  understand Turkish:  “This will be, an everlasting love. . . .”   It was, in the words of another song Cole performed, unforgettable.</p>
<p>Somehow,  between the mall and the mosque and Ayasofya and “This Will Be” in a  Roman-like amphitheater in the ancient city of Istanbul, it all seemed  to come together.  Maybe it was just the nearly  full moon, and the great music, and the beer a friendly vendor sold to  us while standing on the terrace.  But I couldn’t  help but think that somehow in this fascinating conjunction of  experiences lay the possibilities for much of the rest of the world,  even as I continue to struggle to learn the <em>güzel</em>, but <em>zor</em>, Turkish language.</p>
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<p>Posted by Paul Harvey<a title="permanent link" rel="bookmark" href="http://usreligion.blogspot.com/2011/07/guzel-but-zor-turkish-language.html"><abbr title="2011-07-22T17:39:00-06:00"></abbr></a></p>
<p>http://usreligion.blogspot.com/2011/07/guzel-but-zor-turkish-language.html</p>
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		<title>Turkish Lesson 31</title>
		<link>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/12/turkish-lesson-31/</link>
		<comments>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/12/turkish-lesson-31/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jul 2011 22:06:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Turkish Teacher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Learn Turkish]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Lesson 31 -li and –siz suffixes Şekersiz çay içerim. Adnan: Merhaba Sinan, hoşgeldin. Ne içmek istersin?. Sinan: Merhaba Adnan, ben bir şekersiz çay alayım. Adnan: Şekersiz çay, anladım. Hemen getiriyorum....]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lesson 31</strong></p>
<p><strong>-li and –siz suffixes</strong></p>
<p>Şekersiz çay içerim.</p>
<p>Adnan: Merhaba Sinan, hoşgeldin. Ne içmek istersin?.</p>
<p>Sinan: Merhaba Adnan, ben bir şekersiz çay alayım.</p>
<p>Adnan: Şekersiz çay, anladım. Hemen getiriyorum. Sen ne içmek istersin Ceyda?</p>
<p>Ceyda: Ben de sütlü bir kahve alayım, teşekkürler.</p>
<p>-li and –siz suffixes</p>
<p>1. –li means with</p>
<p>- siz means without</p>
<p>Elmalı pastayı çek severim. ( I like apple pie very much.)</p>
<p>Sevgisiz bir hayat istemiyorum. ( I don’t want a life without love.)</p>
<p>Klimalı ofisler çok pahalı. (Offices with air conditioner are very expensive.)</p>
<p>Çok şekerli tatlılardan uzak durunuz. (Please stay away from sweets with a lot of sugar.)</p>
<p>Deniz manzaralı bir oda istiyorum. (I want a room with a sea view.)</p>
<p>Çocuksuz okul olur mu? (Can there be a school without children?)</p>
<p>Onsuz bir hayat düşünemiyorum. (I can’t think of a life without her/him.)</p>
<p>Ceketsiz evden sakın dışarı çıkma. (Do not leave the house without a jacket.)</p>
<p>Simitsiz çay içmem. (I don’t drink tea without simit.)</p>
<p>More examples: yağsız peynir, sütsüz kahve, aşksız yuva, sosissiz omlet, reklamsız film.</p>
<p>tokalı ayakkabı, danalı inek, üzümlü kek, çok kazançlı iş, iyi kalpli kız</p>
<p>2. –li is also used to form nationalities. Simply add –li at the end of the country name.</p>
<p>İsveç (Sweden)                 İsveçli (Swedish)</p>
<p>İrlanda (Ireland)                               İrlandalı (Irish)</p>
<p>Avusturya (Austria)         Avusturyalı (Austrian)</p>
<p>Avusturalya (Australia)  Avusturalyalı (Australian)</p>
<p>Kore (Korea)                      Koreli (Korean)</p>
<p>Belçika (Belgium)             Belçikalı (Belgian)</p>
<p>Brezilya (Brazil)                 Brezilyalı (Brazilian)</p>
<p>İsrail (Israel)                       İsrailli (Israeli)</p>
<p>Not all nationalities are formed using –li. Here are some exceptions.</p>
<p>İskoçya                 İskoç</p>
<p>Arnavutluk          Arnavut</p>
<p>Bulgaristan          Bulgar</p>
<p>Fransa                   Fransız</p>
<p>Almanya              Alman</p>
<p>Japonya               Japon</p>
<p>İtalya                     İtalyan</p>
<p>Yunanistan          Yunan</p>
<p>Rusya                    Rus</p>
<p>İspanya                                İspanyol</p>
<p>3. –li can be sued after city names to tell about where the person is from.</p>
<p>İzmirli                    a person from İzmir</p>
<p>Parisli                    a person from Paris</p>
<p>Ankaralı                a person from Ankara</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Turkish Lesson 30</title>
		<link>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/12/turkish-lesson-30/</link>
		<comments>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/12/turkish-lesson-30/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jul 2011 22:05:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Turkish Teacher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Learn Turkish]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Lesson 30 Türkçe Öğrenmek İstiyorum Türkçe kursunda Sharon ve Keigan beraber otururlar. Öğretmen sınıfa gelmeden önce sohbet etmeye başlarlar. Sharon: Keigan, sen neden Türkçe öğrenmek istiyorsun? Keigan: Ben Türkçe öğrenmek...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lesson 30</strong></p>
<p><strong>Türkçe Öğrenmek İstiyorum</strong></p>
<p>Türkçe kursunda Sharon ve Keigan beraber otururlar. Öğretmen sınıfa gelmeden önce sohbet etmeye başlarlar.</p>
<p>Sharon: Keigan, sen neden Türkçe öğrenmek istiyorsun?</p>
<p>Keigan: Ben Türkçe öğrenmek istiyorum çünkü; ben ve eşim bu yaz Türkiye’ye taşınmak istiyoruz. Orada güzel bir yazlık alacağız.</p>
<p>Sharon: Çok güzel bir haber bu. Peki nerede yazlık alacaksnız?</p>
<p>Keigan: Henüz karar vermedik. Eşim İzmir ya da Kuşadası diyor. Bense Antalya’da ev almak istiyorum. Ben Akdeniz’e hayranım. Eşim ise Ege Denizi’ni seviyor.</p>
<p>Sharon: Umarım yakında karar verirsiniz. Ben de Akdenizi’i çok seviyorum.</p>
<p>Keigan: Peki Sharon sen neden Türkçe öğrenmek istiyorsun?</p>
<p>Sharon: Ben Türkçe öğrenmek istiyorum çünkü; ben Türkleri ve Türkiye’yi çok seviyorum. Benim anneannem Türk. Artık anneannem ile sohbet etmek istiyorum. O çok yaşlı bir kadın. O yüzden İngilizce öğrenemez.</p>
<p>Keigan: Anladım.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>yapmak istiyorum = want to do</p>
<p>Ben koşmak istiyorum.                       Biz koşmak istiyoruz.</p>
<p>Sen koşmak istiyorsun.                        Siz koşmak istiyorsunuz.</p>
<p>O koşmak istiyor.                                Onlar koşmak istiyorlar.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Örnekler:</p>
<p>Ben bugün yüzmek istiyorum. (I want to swim today)</p>
<p>Ayşe kendine bir elbise almak istiyor. (Ayşe wants to buy a dress for herself)</p>
<p>Annem beni yarın görmek istiyor. (My mother wants to see me tomorrow)</p>
<p>Biz biftek yemek istiyoruz. (We want to eat steak)</p>
<p>Ben bu yaz tatilinde İsviçre’ye gitmek istiyorum. (I want to go to Switzerland this summer holiday)</p>
<p>Okul müdürü babamla görüşmek istiyor. (The head teacher want to talk to my father)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Negative form:</p>
<p>yapmak istemiyorum = don’t want to do</p>
<p>Ben Ahmet ile konuşmak istemiyorum.                     Biz Ahmet ile konuşmak istemiyoruz.</p>
<p>Sen Ahmet ile konuşmak istemiyorsun.                      Siz Ahmet ile konuşmak istemiyorsunuz.</p>
<p>Çağla Ahmet ile konuşmak istemiyor.                        Çağla ve İlker Ahmet ile konuşmak istemiyor.</p>
<p>Örnekler:</p>
<p>Kardeşim Fransızca öğrenmek istemiyor. (My brother doesn’t want to learn French)</p>
<p>Fatmagül işinde başarılı olmak istemiyor. (Fatmagül doesn’t want to be succesful at work)</p>
<p>Ben artık bu yemekleri yemek istemiyorum. (I don’t want to eat these meals anymore)</p>
<p>Onlar o filmi görmek istemiyorlar. (They don’t want to see that film)</p>
<p>Kevin Mersin’e trenle gitmek istemiyor. (Kevin doesn’t want to go to Mersin by train)</p>
<p>Sinem artık ailesine yalan söylemek istemiyor. (Sinem doesn’t want to lie to her family anymore)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Turkish Lesson 29</title>
		<link>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/12/turkish-lesson-29/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jul 2011 22:03:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Turkish Teacher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Learn Turkish]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Lesson 29: Revision of Gelecek Zaman A-   Make sentences by putting them in the correct order and adding the right suffixes. (Make sure the tense is the future tense) Clue:...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lesson 29: </strong></p>
<p><strong>Revision of Gelecek Zaman</strong></p>
<p>A-   Make sentences by putting them in the correct order and adding the right suffixes. (Make sure the tense is the future tense)</p>
<p>Clue: In order for you identify the verb, &#8211; used after the verbs.</p>
<p>1-    Sen / gel- / bu yaz / Ankara’ya</p>
<p>2-    Alican / nerede/ otur-?</p>
<p>3-    Saat kaçta / başla- / film?</p>
<p>4-    Londra maratonunda / Madonna / koş- / on mil.</p>
<p>5-    Ne zaman/ bu evler/ boya-?</p>
<p>6-    Yeni yılda / git- / bara / biz.</p>
<p>7-    Oy kullan- / İngilizler / yerel seçimlerde.</p>
<p>8-    Her acı/ bite-/ bir gün.</p>
<p>9-    Eninde sonunda / ehliyet sınavını/ geç- / Alison.</p>
<p>10-   Sinem ve ablası / burada / çalış- / bizimle.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>B-   Read the dialogue and answer the questions.</p>
<p>Sharon: Merhaba Taylor. Seni görmek ne güzel.  Şurada bir çay içip, sohbet edelim mi?</p>
<p>Taylor:   Çok iyi bir fikir. Anlat bakalım, yarın ne yapacaksın?</p>
<p>Sharon: Yarın annemle birlikte alışverişe gideceğiz. Cumartesi günü kız kardeşimin doğum günü. Ona güzel bir hediye alacağız, pasta alacağız. Sonra da ben erkek arkadaşımla sinemaya gideceğim.</p>
<p>Taylor: Sinemaya mı? Hangi filmi izleyeceksiniz? Ben de çoktandır sinemaya gitmedim.</p>
<p>Sharon: Ejderha dövmeli kız’ı izleyeceğiz. Başrollerde <a href="http://www.sinema.com/Search.aspx?SearchType=ByTag&amp;TagPairs=Cast=Michael+Nyqvist">Michael Nyqvist</a> ve <a href="http://www.sinema.com/Search.aspx?SearchType=ByTag&amp;TagPairs=Cast=Noomi+Rapace">Noomi Rapace</a> oynuyor. Korku filmi galiba.</p>
<p>Taylor: Evet duydum o filmi. Haftasonu bende izleyeceğim. Ama yanlız olacağım maalesef.</p>
<p>Sharon: Umarım güzel bir filmdir de gittiğimize değer. Peki sen yarın ne yapacaksın?</p>
<p>Taylor: Ben ilk olarak evi temizleyeceğim, sonra da boğazda arkadaşlarımla buluşacağım. Akşam da amcamlara yemeğe gideceğim. Bütün aile orada toplanacak. Anlayacağın bayağı yoğun bir gün olacak.</p>
<p>Sharon: Evet çok yoğun olacaksın. Neyse ben artık gideyim. Çay için çok teşekkür ederim.</p>
<p>Taylor: Rica ederim. Kız kardeşinin doğum günü kutlu olsun.</p>
<p>1-    Sharon Taylor’ı çay içmeye davet ediyor mu?</p>
<p>2-    Sharon yarın ne yapacak?</p>
<p>3-    Cumartesi günü kimin doğum günü var?</p>
<p>4-    Sharon alışverişe kiminle gidecek?</p>
<p>5-    Sharon ve Taylor sinemaya beraber mi gidecek?</p>
<p>6-    Taylor sinemaya hangi gün gidecek?</p>
<p>7-    Hangi filmi izleyecek?</p>
<p>8-    Filmin oyuncuları kim?</p>
<p>9-    Taylor yarın ne yapacak?</p>
<p>10-  Taylor’ın ailesi nerede toplanacak?</p>
<p>ang=EN-US style=&#8217;font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%&#8217;&gt;ex; Müdür Bey saat <strong>3’te</strong> gelecek. (The manager will come at 3 o’clock)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Ben <strong>öğleden sonra</strong> seni arayacağım. ( I will phone you in the afternoon)</p>
<p>Kızım ödevlerini <strong>haftasonu</strong> yapacak. (My daughter will do her homework at the weekend)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Turkish Lesson 28</title>
		<link>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/12/turkish-lesson-28/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jul 2011 22:00:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Turkish Teacher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Learn Turkish]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Lesson 28 Gelecek Zaman’da Soru Yapma (Making questions in the Future Tense) The rule: Insert  “-mi” between the –ecek and the personal suffix. Always write –mi separate from the –ecek...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lesson 28</strong></p>
<p><strong>Gelecek Zaman’da Soru Yapma (Making questions in the Future Tense)</strong></p>
<p><strong>The rule</strong>: Insert  “-mi” between the –ecek and the personal suffix. Always write –mi separate from the –ecek .</p>
<p>Yarın bize gelecek  misin?</p>
<p>Bu kış kayağa gidecek misiniz?</p>
<p>Yemeğe gidiyor muyuz?</p>
<p>Sinemaya gidecek miyiz?</p>
<p>Yemek yiyecek miyiz?</p>
<p>Bize şarkı söyleyecek misin?</p>
<p>Please note: When the subject is “they” (onlar or Ali ve Sinem) –mi goes right at the back after the personal suffix.</p>
<p>Sandra ve Jane Antalya’ya gidecekler mi?</p>
<p>Cemil, Hakan ve Mehmet bu akşam halı saha maçı yapacaklar mı?</p>
<p>Please note: We do not need a personal suffix for the third person singular (O, Ahmet, William)</p>
<p>Ayşe bu sene okula gidecek mi?</p>
<p>Benim oğlum yarışmaya katılacak m?</p>
<p>Kedi uyuyacak mı?</p>
<p>Making Questions with question words</p>
<p>Ne zaman = When</p>
<p>Ne = What</p>
<p>Kaç = How many</p>
<p>Kim = Who</p>
<p>Nasıl = How</p>
<p>Nerede = Where</p>
<p>Neden = Niçin = Why</p>
<p>Kiminle = Whom with</p>
<p>Ne zaman İstanbul’a gideceğiz? or İstanbul’a ne zaman gideceğiz? (When will we go to İstanbul?)</p>
<p>Bana Bursa’dan ne getireceksin? (What will you bring to me from bursa?)</p>
<p>Kaç kişi baloya katılacak? (How many people will attend the ball?)</p>
<p>Bu problemi nasıl çözeceğiz? (How are we going to solve this problem?)</p>
<p>Aslı ile nerede buluşuyorsunuz? (Where will you meet with Aslı?)</p>
<p>Neden Amsterdam’a gidecekler? (Why will they go to Amsterdam?)</p>
<p>Kiminle Amsterm’a gideceksin? (Who are you going to Amsterdam with?)</p>
<p>Kim bana yardım edecek? (Who will help me?)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Turkish Lesson 27</title>
		<link>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/12/turkish-lesson-27/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jul 2011 21:58:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Turkish Teacher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Learn Turkish]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Lesson 27 Gelecek Zaman (The Simple Future Tense) Ahmet: Merhaba Selim. Nasılsın bugün? Selim: Merhaba Ahmet. Ben çok iyiyim, sen nasılsın? Ahmet: Ben pek iyi değilim. Yarın doktora gideceğim. Selim:...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lesson 27 </strong></p>
<p><strong>Gelecek Zaman (The Simple Future Tense)</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>Ahmet</strong>: Merhaba Selim. Nasılsın bugün?</p>
<p><strong>Selim</strong>: Merhaba Ahmet. Ben çok iyiyim, sen nasılsın?</p>
<p><strong>Ahmet</strong>: Ben pek iyi değilim. Yarın doktora <strong>gideceğim. </strong></p>
<p><strong>Selim</strong>: Geçmiş olsun. Neyin var?</p>
<p><strong>Ahmet</strong>: Önemli bir şey değil. Grip oldum galiba. İlaçsız <strong>geçmeyecek.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Selim:</strong> Çok geçmiş olsun arkadaşım. Umarım yakında iyileşirsin?</p>
<p><strong>Ahmet</strong>: Teşekkür ederim. Peki sen yarın ne <strong>yapacaksın</strong>?</p>
<p><strong>Selim</strong>: Ben yarın anneannemi <strong>ziyaret edeceğim</strong>. Anneannemi çoktandır görmedim. Dün telefon etti ve onu görmemi istedi. Ben anneannemi çok severim.</p>
<p><strong>Ahmet:</strong> Çok hoş. Anneannen nerde yaşıyor?</p>
<p><strong>Selim:</strong> Anneannem Üsküdar’da yaşıyor. Buraya çok uzak değil, arabayla 40 dakika sürüyor. Neyse artık benim gitmem gerek. Sonra görüşürüz.</p>
<p><strong>Ahmet</strong>: Hoşçakal.</p>
<p>To make a future tense we need <strong>–ecek, -acak </strong>after the stem of the verb, after –ecek, -acak add the personal suffix like -im, -sin, -iz, -siz, &#8211; ler.</p>
<p>Ex;  sil + ecek + sin sileceksin  (you will wipe)</p>
<p>koş + acak + lar  koşacaklar (they will run)</p>
<ul>
<li>When we add –im,  &#8211; iz, after –acak, ecek, the  <strong>–k</strong> at the end turns into ğ.</li>
</ul>
<p>silece<strong>ğ</strong>im</p>
<p>koşaca<strong>ğ</strong>ım</p>
<p>yiyece<strong>ğ</strong>im</p>
<p>sevece<strong>ğ</strong>im</p>
<p>More examples;</p>
<p>(Ben) yarın tatile gideceğim.              (Biz) yarın tatile gideceğiz. (We will go on a holiday tomorrow)</p>
<p>(Sen) yarın tatile gideceksin.              (Siz) yarın tatile gideceksiniz.</p>
<p>Atilla yarın tatile gidecek.                  (Onlar) yarın tatile gidecekler.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>(Ben) seneye okula başlayacağım.     (Biz) seneye okula başlayacağız.         (We will start school next year)</p>
<p>(Sen) seneye okula başlayacaksın.      (Siz) seneye okula başlayacaksınız.</p>
<p>Uğur seneye okula başlayacak.                      Ali ve Handan seneye okula başlayacaklar.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>(Ben) bu akşam şarkı söyleyeceğim.  (Biz) bu akşam şarkı söyleyeceğiz. (We will sing a song tonight)</p>
<p>(Sen) bu akşam şarkı söyleyeceksin.   (Siz) bu akşam şarkı söyleyeceksiniz.</p>
<p>(O) bu akşam şarkı söyleyecek.                      (Onlar) bu akşam şarkı söyleyecekler.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>(The personal pronouns in parenthesis can be omitted. The meaning doesn’t change. We still understand who you are talking about thanks to the personal suffix in the verb)</p>
<p><strong>Positive                                   Negative</strong></p>
<p>yüzeceğim                               yüz<strong>me</strong>yeceğim</p>
<p>uyuyacağım                             uyu<strong>ma</strong>yacağım</p>
<p>içeceksin                                 iç<strong>me</strong>yeceksin</p>
<p>gelecekler                               gel<strong>me</strong>yecekler</p>
<p>satacağız                                 sat<strong>ma</strong>yacağız</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>The future of “to be”</strong></p>
<p>Use the verb <strong>“olmak” </strong>as the future form of<strong> “to be”</strong></p>
<p>(Ben) hastayım= I am ill                                 (Ben) hasta <strong>olacağım</strong> = I will be ill.</p>
<p>Alişan şimdi evde=Alişan at home now.          Alişan öbür gün evde <strong>olacak</strong> =Alişan will be home the    following day.</p>
<p>Sen çok üzgünsün = You are very upset.         Sen çok üzgün <strong>olacaksın</strong> = You will be very upset.</p>
<p>Hiç param yok = I have no money                  Yakında param <strong>olacak</strong> = I will have some money soon.</p>
<p>Ünlü şarkıcı şehrimizde = The famous singer is in our town</p>
<p>Ünlü şarkıcı  gelecek hafta şehrimizde olacak = The famous singer will be in our town next week.</p>
<p><strong>Some words we use to indicate the time in future tense are;</strong></p>
<p>yarın                                                                tomorrow</p>
<p>öbürsügün                                                        the day after tomorrow</p>
<p>yakında                                                             soon</p>
<p>çok yakında                                                     very soon</p>
<p>gelecek hafta/ay/sene/yıl                               next week/month/year</p>
<p>seneye                                                             next year</p>
<p>(saat) 5’de                                                       at 5 o’clock</p>
<p>öğleden sonra                                                 in the afternoon</p>
<p>ex; Müdür Bey saat <strong>3’te</strong> gelecek. (The manager will come at 3 o’clock)</p>
<p>Ben <strong>öğleden sonra</strong> seni arayacağım. ( I will phone you in the afternoon)</p>
<p>Kızım ödevlerini <strong>haftasonu</strong> yapacak. (My daughter will do her homework at the weekend)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Turkish Lesson 26</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jul 2011 12:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Turkish Teacher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Sıra sayıları]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Lesson 26 Sıra Sayıları – Ordinal Numbers first                  birinci second           ikinci third                üçüncü fourth           *dördüncü fifth                 beşinci sixth                altıncı seventh          yedinci eighth             sekizinci ninth               dokuzuncu tenth               onuncu hundredth     yüzüncü...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lesson 26</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>Sıra Sayıları – Ordinal Numbers</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>first                  bir<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">inci</span></strong></p>
<p>second           iki<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">nci</span></strong></p>
<p>third                üç<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">üncü</span></strong></p>
<p>fourth           *dörd<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">üncü</span></strong></p>
<p>fifth                 beş<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">inci</span></strong></p>
<p>sixth                altı<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">ncı</span></strong></p>
<p>seventh          yedi<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">nci</span></strong></p>
<p>eighth             sekiz<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">inci</span></strong></p>
<p>ninth               dokuz<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">uncu</span></strong></p>
<p>tenth               on<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">uncu</span></strong></p>
<p>hundredth     yüz<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">üncü</span></strong></p>
<p>thousandth    bin<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">inci</span></strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>the last           son<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">uncu</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline"> </span></strong></p>
<p>As you notice to make ordinal numbers we add –<strong>inci</strong> (<strong>-ıncı, -uncu, -üncü</strong>) at the end of the numbers.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Please note: when a number ends with a vowel, we only need</p>
<p>–ncı (-nci, -ncu, -ncü)</p>
<p>ex; ikinci, altıncı, yedinci.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>*dördüncü; If you notice we don’t say dörtüncü. <strong>-t</strong> turns into <strong>-d</strong> when we add a suffix starting with a vowel.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>This is called <strong>“sessiz yumuşaması”</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>When a word ending</strong><strong> </strong><strong>with</strong><strong> &#8220;p, ç, t, k&#8221;</strong> takes a suffix starting with a vowel, the consonants turns into <strong>&#8220;b, c, d, g, ğ&#8221;</strong>. This topic will be explained in details in the following lessons.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Some examples;</p>
<p>Kitap + ım                  kita<strong>b</strong>ım</p>
<p>Uçak + ım                  uça<strong>ğ</strong>ım</p>
<p>Taç + ım                     ta<strong>c</strong>ım</p>
<p>Çocuk + um              çocu<strong>ğ</strong>um</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Sıra sayılı örnek cümleler – Sample sentences with ordinal numbers</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>1- Kızım resim yarışmasında <strong>birinci</strong> oldu. (My daughter became the first at the art competition)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>2- Erovizyon şarkı yarışmasında Almanya <strong>birinci</strong> oldu. (Germany became the first at the Eurovision song contest)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>3- Bu sene Türkiye Erovizyon şarkı yarışmasını <strong>ikinci</strong> olarak bitirdi. (Turkey finished the Eurovision song contest as second)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>4- Ahmey Bey’in oğlu yarışmayı <strong>beşinci </strong>bitirdi. (Mr. Ahmet’s son finished the competition in fifth place)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>5-Türkiye’nin <strong>üçüncü</strong> büyük ili İzmir’dir. (İzmir is the third biggest city in Turkey)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>6- Bu <strong>yirmi altıncı</strong> Türkçe dersi. (This is the twenty seventh Turkish lesson)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>7- Sezen maalesef <strong>sonuncu</strong> oldu. (Unfortunately Sezen finished in the last place.)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Kaçıncı? (What position &#8230;? – Which day&#8230;?)</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>Yarışta da Alican <strong>kaçıncı</strong> oldu? (What position did Alican finish at the race?)</p>
<p>Alican <strong>sekizinci</strong> oldu.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Bugün Grand Prix’in <strong>kaçıncı</strong> günü? (Which day of the Grand Prix is it today?)</p>
<p>Bugün Grand Prix’in <strong>birinci</strong> günü.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Bugün bayramın <strong>kaçıncı</strong> günü? (Which day of the festival is it today?)</p>
<p>Bugün bayramın <strong>üçüncü</strong> günü.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Turkish Lesson 25</title>
		<link>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/03/turkish-lesson-25/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jul 2011 12:19:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Turkish Teacher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Learn Turkish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geçmiş Zaman tekrar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[past tense revision]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.turkishforum.com.tr/en/content/?p=37058</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Lesson 25 Revision Past Tense &#160; A- Parçayı okuyup sorulara cevap veriniz. Please read the text and answer the questions. &#160; O gün Aslı çok erkenden uyandı. Aslı’yı uyandıran saatin...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lesson 25</strong></p>
<p><strong>Revision Past Tense</strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>A-</strong> Parçayı okuyup sorulara cevap veriniz. Please read the text and answer the questions.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>O gün Aslı çok erkenden uyandı. Aslı’yı uyandıran saatin zili değil de acı acı çalan telefonun sesiydi. Saat sabahın altısıydı. Telefondaki ses annesinin sesiydi. Aslı telefonu kapattı ve hemen yataktan fırladı. 5. katta olan dairesinin penceresinden dışarı baktı ve her zamanki gibi yine Kara Deniz’i gördü. Manzara çok güzeldi. Uçsuz bucaksız mavi deniz. Aylardan nisandı. Günlerden pazar. Sonra annesinin ona telefonda ne söylediğini hatırladı. Sokaklar boştu. Yolda sadece sahipsiz bir kaç köpek vardı.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Çabucak üstünü giydi ve evden dışarı çıktı. Karnı çok açtı ama o sadece yürüdü. Belki de bir saat hiç durmadan yürüdü. Sonra bir kapının önünde durdu. Zile bastı. Aslı’nın annesi kapıyı açtı. Aslı annesine sarıldı. Annesi Aslı’yı içeriye davet etti. Mutfağa gittiler. Mutfakta kapının yanında küçük bir kedi yavrusu vardı. Aslı kediyi görünce çok mutlu oldu. Hemen kediyi kucağına aldı. Annesine veda etti. Kediyle beraber evine doğru yürümeye başladı.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>1- Aslı saat kaçta uyandı?</p>
<p>2- Kim Aslı’ya telefon etti?</p>
<p>3- Aslı kaçıncı katta oturuyor?</p>
<p>4- Günlerden Pazar mıydı?</p>
<p>5- Sokaklar dolu muydu?</p>
<p>6- Aslı pencereden bakınca ne gördü?</p>
<p>7- Aslı nereye gitti?</p>
<p>8- Kapıyı kim açtı?</p>
<p>9- Mutfakta ne vardı?</p>
<p>10- Aslı yavru kediyi ne yaptı?</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>B- </strong>Please make Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman) sentences by joining the words and adding the appropriate suffixes at the end of the verbs.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>-  make the sentence negative (Olumsuz cümle)</p>
<p>? make the sentence question (Soru cümlesi)</p>
<p>+ make it a positive sentence (Olumlu cümle)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>1-   Sinem / dün / akşam / eve / gel / &#8211; /</p>
<p>2-   O / bir / öğretmen / + /</p>
<p>3-   Siz / bizi / tanı / &#8211; /</p>
<p>4-   Seçimler / geçen hafta / yapıl / + /</p>
<p>5-   Ben / çok / üşü / + /</p>
<p>6-   Siz / hiç / aşık ol / ? /</p>
<p>7-   Onlar / İstanbul’a / gel / ? /</p>
<p>8-   Benim kedim / geçen yaz / öl / + /</p>
<p>9-   Marilyn Monroe / çok / güzel / bir / kadın /+ /</p>
<p>10-Biz / henüz / kahvaltı yap / &#8211; /</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>C-</strong> Match the following. Aşağıdakileri eşleştiriniz.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>1- dün akşam               a- last summer</p>
<p>2- dün                           b- yesterday morning</p>
<p>3- geçen yaz                c- last night</p>
<p>4- geçen yıl/sene                  d- the other night</p>
<p>5- evvelki gün              e- the day before yesterday</p>
<p>6- geçen gece              f- yesterday</p>
<p>7- dün sabah                g- 3 days ago</p>
<p>8- 3 gün önce               h- last year</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Turkish Lesson 24</title>
		<link>http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2011/07/03/turkish-lesson-24/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jul 2011 12:16:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Turkish Teacher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Learn Turkish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geçmiş Zaman'da soru yapma]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Lesson 24 Geçmiş Zaman’da Olumsuz Cümle ve Soru Yapma Olumsuz yapma – Making Negative To make a past verb negative, add -ma, -me onto the stem of the verb. &#160;...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lesson 24</strong></p>
<p><strong>Geçmiş Zaman’da Olumsuz Cümle ve Soru Yapma</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>Olumsuz yapma – Making Negative</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>To make a past verb negative, add <strong>-ma, -me</strong> onto the stem of the verb.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>gel <strong>me</strong> dim                   I didn’t come</p>
<p>iç <strong>me </strong>dim                     I didn’t drink</p>
<p>yap <strong>ma</strong> dım                  I didn’t do</p>
<p>gül <strong>me </strong>dim                   I didn’t laugh</p>
<p>gör <strong>me</strong> dim                   I didn’t see</p>
<p>koş <strong>ma </strong>dım                  I ddin’t run</p>
<p>söyle <strong>me</strong> dim                I didn’t say</p>
<p>anla <strong>ma</strong> dım                  I didn’t understand</p>
<p>gör <strong>me</strong> dim                   I didn’t see</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>More examples:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Dün akşam Ahmet gel<strong>me</strong>di.</p>
<p>Ahmet didn’t come last night.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Geçen yaz biz Antalya’ya git<strong>me</strong>dik.</p>
<p>We didn’t go to Antalya last summer.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Siz geçen pazar akşamı sinemaya git<strong>me</strong>diniz.</p>
<p>You didn’t go to the sinema last Sunday night.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Selin yemeğini bitir<strong>me</strong>di.</p>
<p>Selin didn’t finish her dinner.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Harun o kızı hiç sev<strong>me</strong>di.</p>
<p>Harun never loved that girl.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Ben hiç Paris’e git<strong>me</strong>dim.</p>
<p>I have never been to Paris.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Onlar vişne suyu iç<strong>me</strong>diler, portakal suyu içtiler.</p>
<p>They didn’t drink cherry juice, they drunk orange juice.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Film henüz başla<strong>ma</strong>dı.</p>
<p>The movie hasn’t started yet.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Seçmenlerin çoğu oylarını kullan<strong>ma</strong>dı.</p>
<p>Most majority of the voters didn’t vote.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Alıştırma- exercise</strong></p>
<p>Please make <span style="text-decoration: underline">negative</span> Geçmiş Zaman sentences.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Sen / bize /gel = Sen bize gel<strong>me</strong>din.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>1-     ben / dün / araba kullan = ________________________</p>
<p>2-     Aslı / akşam / denize gir = _________________________________</p>
<p>3-     Ahmet ve Alp / geçen kış / tatile git = ______________________________</p>
<p>4-     Biz / cumartesi günü / bara git = ___________________________________</p>
<p>5-     Siz / kedileri / hiç / sev = ______________________________________</p>
<p>6-     Ekrem / alışverişe / git = ____________________________________</p>
<p>7-     Benim kedim / dün / benimle / oyna = ____________________________</p>
<p>8-     Ben / geçen ders / yaramazlık yap = ______________________________</p>
<p>9-     O / sana / gül = ________________________________</p>
<p>10-  Sen / beni / hiç bir zaman / anla = __________________________________</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Soru Yapma &#8211; Making Question</strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Only add <strong>–mı, &#8211; mi, -mu, -mü</strong> at the end of the verb and <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">always </span></strong>write it separately.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Görmedim mi?</p>
<p>Yapmadım mı?</p>
<p>Seni hiç sevmedim mi?</p>
<p>Soruyu anlamadın mı?</p>
<p>Buraları sevmedin mi?</p>
<p>Gelmediler mi?</p>
<p>Borç vermedi mi?</p>
<p>Borcunu ödemedi mi?</p>
<p>Düştün mü?</p>
<p>Doydun mu?</p>
<p>Karnın acıktı mı?</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Turkish Lesson 23</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jul 2011 12:14:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Turkish Teacher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Learn Turkish]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Lesson 23 Geçmiş Zaman &#8211; Past Tense &#160; The past form of verbs All we need to do is after the verb stem bring –di (do not forget that it...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lesson 23</strong></p>
<p><strong>Geçmiş Zaman &#8211; Past Tense </strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>The past form of verbs</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>All we need to do is after the verb stem bring –<strong>di</strong> (do not forget that it changes into    -<strong>dı, -du, -dü</strong> according to the last vowel of the verb or –<strong>ti, -tı, -tu, -tü</strong> -assimilation-) After past tense ending, all you need to add is the personal endings according to your subject.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> When we make past tense, the personal endings are not all the same as for the present tense. The personal ending for the First Person Plural (Biz) is –uz, but in past tense it is <strong>–k</strong>. The personal ending for the Second Personal Plural (Siz) is sunuz, but in past tense it is <strong>–niz, -nız, -nuz, -nüz.</strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>ex; <strong>Biz </strong>şimdi geliyor<strong>uz</strong>. (We are coming now.)</p>
<p><strong>Biz</strong> dün geldi<strong>k</strong>. (We came yesterday.)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Biz</strong> hep o bara gider<strong>iz</strong>. (We always go to that bar.)</p>
<p><strong>Biz</strong> dün o bara gitti<strong>k</strong>. (We went to that bar yesterday.)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Siz</strong> çok hızlı koşar<strong>sınız</strong>. (You run very fast.)</p>
<p><strong>Siz</strong> çok hızlı koştu<strong>nuz</strong>. (You ran very fast.)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Siz </strong>çok güzel şarkı söylüyor<strong>sunuz</strong>. (You are singing very well.)</p>
<p><strong>Siz</strong> çok güzel şarkı söyledi<strong>niz</strong>. (You sang very well.)</p>
<p><strong>Assimilation</strong></p>
<p><strong>-di</strong> will turn into <strong>–ti</strong> (-tı, -tü, -tu) if the last sound of the stem is <strong>ç, f, t, h, s, k, p, ş. </strong>These letters called ‘voiceless consonants’. The easy way of remembering them is to memorise this phrase “ÇiFT HaSeKi PaŞa” (a method my primary teacher taught me), all the consonants in this phrase are ‘voiceless consonants’ and when we add a suffix starting with <strong>c,d,g</strong>, the first letter of the suffix turns into <strong>ç,t,k</strong>.</p>
<p>ex; Kapıyı a<strong>ç</strong>+<span style="text-decoration: underline">d</span>ı                      Kapıyı aç<span style="text-decoration: underline">t</span>ı.                    (He/she opened the door)</p>
<p>Bu şehre alı<strong>ş</strong>+<span style="text-decoration: underline">d</span>ım     Bu şehre alış<span style="text-decoration: underline">t</span>ım.  (I got used to this town.)</p>
<p>O kita<strong>p</strong>+<span style="text-decoration: underline">d</span>an vazge<strong>ç</strong>+<span style="text-decoration: underline">d</span>i      O kitap<span style="text-decoration: underline">t</span>an vazgeç<span style="text-decoration: underline">t</span>i.  (He/she gave up that book.)</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>Zaman zarfları – Adverbs of Time </strong>that are used with Geçmiş Zaman</p>
<p>Dün</p>
<p>Dün gece</p>
<p>Dün akşam</p>
<p>Dün sabah</p>
<p>Evvelki gün</p>
<p>Geçen hafta</p>
<p>Geçen haftasonu</p>
<p>Geçen yıl/sene</p>
<p>Geçen gece</p>
<p>Geçen Pazartesi (günü), geçen Salı (günü)&#8230;.geçen Pazar (günü)</p>
<p>Pazartesi günü, Salı günü&#8230;. Pazar günü</p>
<p>3 gün önce</p>
<p>5 gün önce</p>
<p>2 saat önce</p>
<p>4 saat önce</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Okuma Parçası </strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Ben dün sabah saat 9’da <strong>kalktım</strong>. Sonra kahvaltımı <strong>yaptım</strong>. Kahvaltı çok lezzetliydi. Sonra bulaşıkları <strong>yıkadım</strong>. Arkadaşım Peli <strong>telefon</strong> <strong>etti</strong> ve beni sinemaya <strong>davet etti.</strong> Pelin ile Beyoğlu Sinemasında <strong>buluştuk.</strong> Film pek güzel değildi. Ama yinede biz <strong>eğlendik</strong>. Filmden sonra Pelin yemek yemek <strong>istedi</strong>. Ben de aslında çok <strong>açtım</strong>. Hemen köşe başındaki dönerciye <strong>gittik</strong>. 2 porsiyon Adana kebap <strong>yedik</strong>. Yemekten sonra Pelin annesiyle <strong>buluştu</strong>. Ben de eve <strong>döndüm</strong>. Evde benim için bir sürpriz <strong>vardı</strong>. Sürpriz ne miydi? Ben Pelinle dışardayken, annem ve kardeşim benim odamı boyamış. Ne renge mi? Tabiki pembe J</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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